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Topic	Authors	Released	Revised	Reviewers	Editors
Apoptosis [Homo sapiens] - Extrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis - Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis - Activation of Effector Caspases - Apoptotic execution phase - Regulation of Apoptosis	Alnemri, E, Hengartner, M, Tschopp, J, Tsujimoto, Y, Hardwick, JM, Gillespie, ME, Matthews, L, Matthews, L, Jakobi, R, Gopinathrao, G, Schulze-Osthoff, K	2004-09-20 UPDATED		Hengartner, M, Ranganathan, S, Vaux, D, Chang, E, Widlak, P	Gopinathrao, G, Matthews, L, Gillespie, ME, Joshi-Tope, G, Matthews, L
Biological oxidations [Homo sapiens] - Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds - Phase II conjugation	Jassal, B	2008-06-30 NEW		D'Eustachio, P	Jassal, B, D'Eustachio, P
Botulinum neurotoxicity [Homo sapiens] - Translocation of BoNT Light chain - Proteolytic cleavage of SNARE complex proteins	Krupa, S, Gopinathrao, G	2007-08-21		Ichtchenko, K	Gopinathrao, G
Cell Cycle Checkpoints [Homo sapiens] - G1/S DNA Damage Checkpoints - G2/M Checkpoints - Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint	Hoffmann, I, Khanna, K, O'Connell, M, Walworth, N, Yen, TJ, Yen, T, Borowiec, JA, Matthews, L, Matthews, L, Sanchez, Y	2005-01-24		Sanchez, Y, Knudsen, E, Hardwick, KG, Peters, JM, Manfredi, J, Coqueret, O	Matthews, L, Joshi-Tope, G, D'Eustachio, P, Matthews, L
Cell Cycle, Mitotic [Homo sapiens] - G1 Phase - G1/S Transition - S Phase - G2 Phase - G2/M Transition - M Phase - M/G1 Transition - APC/C-mediated degradation of cell cycle proteins	O'Connell, M, Walworth, N, Bosco, G, Lorca, T, Castro, A, Gopinathrao, G, Pagano, M, Lee, KS, Davey, MJ, O'Donnell, M, Tye, BK, Matthews, L, Joshi-Tope, G, Tom, S, Bambara, RA, Watanabe, N, Hunter, T, Yen, T	2004-07-06		Manfredi, J, Lorca, T, Peters, JM, Coqueret, O	Matthews, L, Gopinathrao, G, Matthews, L, Gillespie, ME
DNA Repair [Homo sapiens] - Base Excision Repair - DNA Damage Bypass - DNA Damage Reversal - Double-Strand Break Repair - Nucleotide Excision Repair	Hoeijmakers, JH, Lees-Miller, S, Thompson, L, Gopinathrao, G, Matthews, L, Schultz, R, Pegg, A, Joshi-Tope, G	2004-07-06		Khanna, KK, Lindahl, T, West, SC, Wood, RD	Matthews, L, Gopinathrao, G, Joshi-Tope, G
DNA Replication [Homo sapiens] - DNA Replication Pre-Initiation - DNA replication initiation - Switching of origins to a post-replicative state - DNA strand elongation - Regulation of DNA replication	Bambara, RA, Catlett, M, Davey, MJ, Forsburg, S, O'Donnell, M, Tom, S, Tye, BK, Borowiec, JA, Méndez, J, Aladjem, M	2003-01-06	2005-09-07	Mendez, J, Aladjem, M	D'Eustachio, P, Joshi-Tope, G, Nickerson, E, Gopinathrao, G
Electron Transport Chain [Homo sapiens]	Jassal, B	2006-01-17		Ferguson, SJ
Gap junction trafficking and regulation [Homo sapiens] - Gap junction trafficking - Regulation of gap junction activity	Gilleron, J, Segretain, D, Falk, MM	2007-02-20		Falk, MM	Matthews, L, Joshi-Tope, G
Gene Expression [Homo sapiens] - Generic Transcription Pathway - Formation and Maturation of mRNA Transcript - Transport of Mature Transcript to Cytoplasm - Translation	Kornblihtt, AR, Proudfoot, NJ, Joshi-Tope, G, Merrick, WC, Bedwell, D, Gebauer, F, Anand, M, Balar, BA, Gross, S, Ortiz, PA, Ozturk, S, Pittman, YR, Ulloque, R, Hentze, MW, Kinzy, TG, Reinberg, D, Gillespie, ME, Gopinathrao, G, Bedwell, DM, Timmers, H. T. M., Buratowski, S, Conaway, J, Conaway, R, Marzluff, WF, Wahle, E, Krainer, AR, Matthews, L	2004-07-06		Freedman, LP, Hershey, JW, Sonenberg, N, Hinnebusch, AG	Joshi-Tope, G, Tello-Ruiz, MK, Gillespie, ME, Gopinathrao, G, Matthews, L
Hemostasis [Homo sapiens] - Formation of Platelet plug - Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade) - Dissolution of Fibrin Clot - Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall - Further platelet releasate	D'Eustachio, P, Pace, N.P., Farndale, R, de Bono, B, Ouwehand, W.H., Garapati, Phani Vija, Geiger, B, Horwitz, R	2005-04-11 UPDATED		Brummel, K, Rush, MG, Stafford, DW, Pace, N.P., Zwaginga, JJ, Yamada, K, Humphries, MJ, Hynes, R, Trowsdale, J	Joshi-Tope, G, de Bono, B, D'Eustachio, P, Garapati, Phani Vija
HIV Infection [Homo sapiens] - HIV Life Cycle - Host Interactions of HIV factors - Host immune responses to HIV infection	Bukrinsky, M, D'Eustachio, P, Gillespie, ME, Gopinathrao, G, Iordanskiy, S, Morrow, MP, Matthews, L, Rice, AP	2006-01-17		Benarous, R, Zhao, RY, Peterlin, BM, Aiken, C, Bushman, FD, Hughes, SH, Reeves, J, Peterlin, BM, Kumar, A, Mulder, L, Simon, V, Skowronski, J	Gopinathrao, G, D'Eustachio, P, Matthews, L
Influenza Infection [Homo sapiens] - Influenza Life Cycle - Host Interactions with Influenza Factors	Luo, F, Squires, B, Scheuermann, RH, Gillespie, ME, Bortz, E, Garcia-Sastre, A, Steel, J, Marsh, G	2006-01-17		Garcia-Sastre, A, Squires, B, Rush, MG, Gale M, Jr	D'Eustachio, P, Gillespie, ME
Insulin receptor mediated signaling [Drosophila melanogaster] - DINR-mediated activation	Broughton, S, Gianakou, M, Leevers, SJ, Partridge, L, Piper, M, Jassal, B	2006-01-17		Tatar, M
Integration of energy metabolism [Homo sapiens] - Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation - PKA-mediated phosphorylation of key metabolic factors - Insulin effects increased synthesis of Xylulose-5-Phosphate - AMPK inhibits chREBP transcriptional activation activity - PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of key metabolic factors - ChREBP activates metabolic gene expression - Activated AMPK stimulates fatty-acid oxidation in muscle - Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)	Gopinathrao, G, D'Eustachio, P	2005-09-26		Rush, MG, D'Eustachio, P
Lipid and lipoprotein metabolism [Homo sapiens] - Digestion of dietary lipid - Trafficking of dietary sterols - Triacylglyceride Biosynthesis - Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)-mediated triacylglycerol hydrolysis - Import of palmitoyl-CoA into the mitochondrial matrix - Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation - Ketone body metabolism - Steroid metabolism - Lipoprotein metabolism	Jassal, B, Gillespie, ME, Gopinathrao, G, D'Eustachio, P, Joshi-Tope, G	2004-03-06 UPDATED		Jassal, B, D'Eustachio, P	D'Eustachio, P, Joshi-Tope, G, Gillespie, ME, Jassal, B
Membrane Trafficking [Homo sapiens] - ER to Golgi Transport - Golgi to ER Retrograde Transport	Gillespie, ME	2007-08-21		Rush, MG, Lippincott-Schwartz, J
Metabolism of amino acids [Homo sapiens] - Amino acid uptake across the plasma membrane - Urea synthesis - Alanine metabolism - Aspartate, asparagine, glutamate, and glutamine metabolism - Ornithine and proline metabolism - Branched-chain amino acid catabolism - Histidine catabolism - Lysine catabolism - Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism - Tryptophan catabolism - Carnitine synthesis - Creatine metabolism	D'Eustachio, P, Gopinathrao, G, Mahajan, SS	2003-05-04 UPDATED		Jassal, B, D'Eustachio, P	D'Eustachio, P
Metabolism of carbohydrates [Homo sapiens] - Digestion of dietary carbohydrate - Hexose uptake - Glucose metabolism - Fructose catabolism - Galactose catabolism - Pentose phosphate pathway (hexose monophosphate shunt) - 5-Phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthesis	D'Eustachio, P, Schmidt, EE	2003-02-03		Nichols, BL, Wright, EM, D'Eustachio, P	D'Eustachio, P, Schmidt, EE
Metabolism of nitric oxide [Homo sapiens] - eNOS activation and regulation	Hemish, J, Schmidt, EE	2008-03-12		Enikolopov, G
Metabolism of non-coding RNA [Homo sapiens] - snRNP Assembly	Gillespie, ME	2007-05-15		Luhrmann, R
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors [Homo sapiens] - Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors	Jassal, B, D'Eustachio, P	2007-08-21
mRNA Processing [Homo sapiens] - mRNA Capping - Processing of Capped pre-mRNA - mRNA Editing	Carmichael, GG, Hammarskjold, ML, Hastings, M, Krainer, AR, Marzluff, WF, Wahle, E, Zhang, Z, Joshi-Tope, G, Buratowski, S, Gopinathrao, G, Gillespie, ME	2005-04-11		Nilsen, TW, Krainer, AR	Gillespie, ME, Gopinathrao, G, Joshi-Tope, G
Nucleotide metabolism [Homo sapiens] - Transport of nucleosides and free purine and pyrimidine bases across the plasma membrane - Purine metabolism - Pyrimidine metabolism - Synthesis of deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphates from ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphates - Hydrolysis of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates to nucleosides plus orthophosphate - Phosphorylation of nucleosides to form nucleoside 5'-monophosphates - Reversible phosphorylation of nucleoside monophosphates - Reversible phosphorylation of nucleoside diphosphates	Jassal, B, D'Eustachio, P	2004-07-06		Graves, L, Rush, MG	D'Eustachio, P, Gillespie, ME, Joshi-Tope, G, Jassal, B
Porphyrin metabolism [Homo sapiens] - Heme biosynthesis	Jassal, B, D'Eustachio, P	2007-02-20		Sassa, S	Jassal, B, D'Eustachio, P
Post-translational protein modification [Homo sapiens] - Gamma-carboxylation, transport, and amino-terminal cleavage of proteins - Synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins - Hypusine synthesis from eIF5A-lysine	D'Eustachio, P, Johansson, HE	2005-06-12		Orlean, P, Stafford, DW, Jassal, B	D'Eustachio, P
Pyruvate metabolism and TCA cycle [Homo sapiens] - Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase - Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle)	Birney, E, D'Eustachio, P, Schmidt, EE	2003-02-03			D'Eustachio, P
Regulation of beta-cell development [Homo sapiens] - Regulation of gene expression in early pancreatic precursor cells - Regulation of gene expression in late stage (branching morphogenesis) pancreatic bud precursor cells - Regulation of gene expression in endocrine-committed (NEUROG3+) progenitor cells - Regulation of gene expression in beta cells	Ferrer, J	2008-06-30 NEW		Jensen, J	D'Eustachio, P
Regulatory RNA pathways [Homo sapiens] - MicroRNA biogenesis	Gopinathrao, G, May, B	2008-03-12		Karginov, F, Hannon, GJ	Gopinathrao, G, May, B
Signaling by TGF beta [Homo sapiens] - I-SMAD recruits type I receptor phosphatase and ubiquitin ligases to mediate receptor downregulation	Heldin, CH, Moustakas, A, Huminiecki, L, Jassal, B	2006-04-24		Heldin, CH	Jassal, B
Signaling by BMP [Homo sapiens]	Huminiecki, L, Moustakas, A	2007-12-11		Heldin, CH
Signaling by EGFR [Homo sapiens] - EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma - Grb2 events in EGFR signaling - Shc events in EGFR signaling - Gab1 signalosome - EGFR downregulation	Jassal, B, Castagnoli, L, Charalambous, M	2007-02-20		Muthuswamy, S, Heldin, CH, Heldin, CH	Schmidt, EE
Signaling by FGFR [Homo sapiens] - FGFR ligand binding and activation	de Bono, B	2007-02-20		Mohammadi, M	de Bono, B, D'Eustachio, P
Signaling by Insulin receptor [Homo sapiens] - Insulin receptor signalling cascade - Insulin receptor recycling	Bevan, AP, Charalambous, M, Scott, J, Tatoud, R	2003-11-03		Barroso, I, Stanley, FM, Greene, LA, Heldin, CH	Schmidt, EE
Signaling by Notch [Homo sapiens] - Transport of Notch receptor precursor to golgi - Maturation of Notch precursor via proteolytic cleavage - Mature Notch receptor trafficks to plasma membrane - Notch receptor binds with a ligand - Receptor-ligand binding initiates the second proteolytic cleavage of Notch receptor - A third proteolytic cleavage releases NICD - NICD trafficks to nucleus	Jassal, B, Ferrer, J	2005-06-12 UPDATED		Joutel, A, Jensen, J	D'Eustachio, P
Signaling by Rho GTPases [Homo sapiens] - Rho GTPase cycle	Van Aelst, L			Bernards, A	Gopinathrao, G
Signaling by VEGF [Homo sapiens] - VEGF ligand-receptor interactions	Krupa, S, Gopinathrao, G	2008-03-12		Claesson-Welsh, L	Gopinathrao, G
Signaling by Wnt [Homo sapiens] - Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex	Kimelman, D	2007-05-15		Pagano, M	Matthews, L
Signaling in Immune system [Homo sapiens] - Innate Immunity Signaling - Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell - TCR signaling - Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall	de Bono, B, Gillespie, ME, Luo, F, Ouwehand, W.H., Rudd, C.E., Garapati, Phani Vija, Gay, NJ, D'Eustachio, P, Gale M, Jr, Zwaginga, JJ	2006-04-24		D'Eustachio, P, Gay, NJ, Gale M, Jr, Zwaginga, JJ, Trowsdale, J, Yamada, K, Humphries, MJ, Hynes, R
Signalling by NGF [Homo sapiens] - NGF processing - p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling - Activation of TRKA receptors - TRKA signalling from the plasma membrane - Retrograde neurotrophin signalling - Nuclear Events (kinase and transcription factor activation)	Nasi, S, Annibali, D, Charalambous, M, Ferrer, J	2007-12-11 UPDATED		Greene, LA, Friedman, WJ, Chao, MV, Heldin, CH, Jensen, J	Jassal, B, Schmidt, EE, D'Eustachio, P
Synaptic Transmission [Homo sapiens] - Transmission across Chemical Synapses	Mahajan, SS	2008-06-30 NEW		Kavalali, E	Gillespie, ME, Mahajan, SS
Telomere Maintenance [Homo sapiens] - Extension of Telomeres - Packaging Of Telomere Ends	Blackburn, EH, Seidel, J	2006-07-31		Price, C	Gillespie, ME
Transcription [Homo sapiens] - RNA Polymerase I Transcription - RNA Polymerase II Transcription - RNA Polymerase III Transcription - Transcription from mitochondrial promoters	Comai, L, Conaway, J, Conaway, R, Gustafsson, C, Hernandez, N, Hu, P, Larsson, N-G, Proudfoot, NJ, Reinberg, D, Timmers, H. T. M., Gopinathrao, G, Kassavetis, GA, Geiduschek, EP, Buratowski, S, Geiduschek, E, Gillespie, ME, Marzluff, WF, Wahle, E	2004-07-06		Paule, M, Zhao, X, Willis, I, Cantatore, P	Gillespie, ME, Gopinathrao, G, Joshi-Tope, G, Matthews, L
Translation [Homo sapiens] - Eukaryotic Translation Initiation - Eukaryotic Translation Elongation - Eukaryotic Translation Termination	Merrick, WC, Bedwell, D, Gebauer, F, Anand, M, Balar, BA, Gross, S, Ortiz, PA, Ozturk, S, Pittman, YR, Ulloque, R, Hentze, MW, Kinzy, TG, Gopinathrao, G, Bedwell, DM, Gillespie, ME, Matthews, L	2005-04-11	2004-09-08	Hershey, JW, Sonenberg, N, Hinnebusch, AG	Tello-Ruiz, MK, Gillespie, ME, Gopinathrao, G, Matthews, L