Reactome: Jassal, B

Details

Author of summation(s)
Surname	Jassal
First name	Bijay
Initials	B
Affiliation	EBI
11-Deoxycortisol, NADPH + H+, and O2 react to form cortisol,... 17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, NADPH + H+, and O2 react to fo... 17-Hydroxyprogesterone, NADPH + H+, and O2 react to form 11-... 19-hydroxyprostaglandins E1 and E2 (19-OH PGE1/2) are major ... 2-mercaptoethanol is a typical substrate for Thiol S-methylt... 20alpha,22beta-hydroxycholesterol, NADPH + H+, and O2 react ... 22beta-hydroxycholesterol, NADPH + H+, and O2 react to form ... 24-hydroxycholesterol, NADPH + H+, and O2 react to form chol... 25(S) 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoy... 25(S) THCA-CoA and O2 react to form 25(S) 3alpha,7alpha,12al... 25-hydroxycholesterol is 7alpha-hydroxylated to cholest-5-en... 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A synthase (HMG-CoA synt... 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) catalyzes th... 3-methylindole (3MI) is a fermentation product of tryptophan... 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-one-CoA and... 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al, NADP... 4-Cholesten-7alpha, 12alpha-diol-3-one and NADPH + H+ react ... 4-Cholesten-7alpha-ol-3-one, NADPH, and H+ react to form 5be... 5-aminolevulinate is transported from the mitochondrial matr... 5-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), also known as porp... 5-HT1 receptors, once bound to serotonin (5-HT), act on the ... 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the formation of leukotriene... 5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha, 27-tetrol and NADP+... 5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-triol, NADPH + H+, a... 5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol is translocated ... 5Beta-cholesten-7alpha-ol-3-one and NADPH + H+ form 5beta-ch... 7-Alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, NADPH + H+, and O2 form 7... 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol and NAD+ react to form 4-cholesten... The P450 isozyme system is the major phase 1 biotransform... A bioinformatics approach identified two further human trans... A FA anion diffuses laterally within the membrane towards UC... A family of antiport, ATP-ADP translocases, preferentially ... A fourth and fifth mannose is added to the N-glycan precurso... A fourth mannose is added to the N-glycan precursor by ALG11... A group of myelin components named MDGIs (myelin-derived gro... A mannose is added to the N-glycan precursor skeleton. The r... A novel cytochrome P450, CYP2U1, may play an important role ... A number of CYPs can act upon vitamins. A number of CYPs take part in cholesterol biosynthesis and e... A number of inactive tetrameric PKA holoenzymes are produced... A portion of the p75NTR ICD produced by gamma-secretase clea... A second mannose is added to the N-glycan precursor. The rea... A second N-acetylglucosamine is added to the N-glycan precur... A simple example of epoxidation is the oxidation of an alken... A third mannose is added to the N-glycan precursor by ALG2 u... A third mannose is added to the N-glycan precursor skeleton ... A2b receptors (Peterfreund RA et al, 1996) are believed to p... Activated AMPK (phosphorylated on the alpha subunit and AMP ... Activated AMPK (phosphorylated on Thr172/Thr174 and AMP boun... Activated AMPK phosphorylates TSC2 and activates the TSC com... Activated CDC42 binds to p85Cool-1/beta-Pix, a protein that ... Activated epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) can stimu... Activated TrkA induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of the l... Activated type I receptor kinase directly phosphorylates two... Activation of phospholipases releases free arachidonic acid ... Active steroid hormones are produced from the precursor chol... Adenosine, acting through A2A receptors can induce TrkA acti... Aflatoxins are produced by the fungal molds Aspergillus flav... After NGF binding, activated Trk receptors provide multiple ... After recruiting IRAK, MYD88 leaves the receptor complex. Th... After translocation into the nucleus, AKT can phosphorylate ... AKT can phosphorylate the apoptotic protease caspase-9, inhi... AKT inhibits DNA binding of NUR77 and inhibits its pro-apopt... AKT mediates IKKalpha (Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B k... AKT phosphorylates and inhibit TSC2 (tuberin), a suppressor ... AKT phosphorylates CREB (cAMP response element-binding prote... AKT phosphorylates the BCL-2 family member BAD at serine 136... AKT, phosphorylated at threonine (AKT1 308; AKT2 309; AKT3 3... AKT-mediated phosphorylation of ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 ... All neurotrophins (NTs) are generated as pre-pro-neurotrophi... All organisms are constantly exposed to foreign chemicals ev... Alpha-2 adrenoceptors couple with G protein alpha-i subtype ... alpha-secretase (ADAM17) is a metalloprotese that has the ab... Amylin (islet amyloid polypeptide, diabetes associated pepti... Androgens are the determining factors for male development a... Ankyrin-Rich Membrane Spanning protein (ARMS or Kidins220) i... Another outer membrane-bound, homodimeric enzyme, dipeptidas... Apelin (Tatemoto K et al, 1998) is an endogenous ligand for ... Approximately a quarter of the 57 human CYPs still remain "o... Arachidonic acid (AA) is a 20 carbon unsaturated fatty acid ... Arachidonic acid is metabolized via three major enzymatic pa... ARMS (Ankyrin-Rich Membrane Spanning/Kidins 220) is a 220kD ... Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) catalyzes the dec... Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC, dopa decarboxylas... As well as autophosphorylation, EGFR can become tyrosine-pho... At higher concentrations of ligand, a substantial fraction o... At least four neuropeptide Y receptor subtypes each with spe... Atypical PKC isoforms phosphorylate the beta subunit of the ... Autophosphorylation of the N-terminus Ser12-Ser13 is require... Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues are docking sites f... Benzoic acid, widely used as a food preservative, is convert... Besides CRK, FRS2 also binds GRB2, the cyclin-dependent kina... Besides signalling through the tyrosine kinase receptors TRK... Besides the RAF kinase, RAS can activate several ral guanine... Beta adrenoceptors couple with G protein alpha-s subtype (We... BetaPix/Cool-1 associates with CBL, which appears to be a cr... Bilirubin is a breakdown product of heme, causing death if a... Bilirubin is the breakdown product of heme, causing death if... Binding of a DILP to DINR induces a conformational change le... Binding of NRIF to p62 (Sequestosome) is suspected to modula... Biotin (vitamin H or B7) is a water-soluble B-complex vitami... BMP ligand traps are cystine-knot containing proteins which ... BMP receptors, unlike TGF-beta receptors are known to form h... Bombesin-like receptors are widely distributed in the CNS as... Both BDNF and NGF treatment recruits clathrin and AP2 (adapt... Both mature neurotrophin and pro-neurotrophin are released e... Bradykinin (Rocha e Silva M, et al, 1949) is a 9 amino-acid ... By binding RHO-GDI, p75NTR facilitates the release of RHOA f... C3G is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rap1, which ... C5a (Fernandez HN and Hugli TE, 1978) is a protein fragment ... Calcineurin has been identified as a Ca2+- and calmodulin- d... Calcitriol (1,25(OH)2-D3) is biologically inactivated throug... Calcium binds to Calmodulin Calcium ions are used by cells as ubiquitous signalling mole... Calcium is is released from the ER to the cytosol upon IP3 r... Calcium, as the ion Ca2+, is essential in many biological pr... Calmodulin (CaM) is a small acidic protein that contains fou... CaMKIV becomes fully activated after a three-step mechanism:... cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates in vitr... Carrier-mediated urea transport allows rapid urea movement a... Catabolic inactivation of the active, hormonal form of vitam... Catecholamines and thyroxine are synthesized from tyrosine, ... CBL binds multiple signalling proteins including GRB2. The C... CBL down-regulates receptor tyrosine kinases by conjugating ... CBl-CIN85-Endophilin complex mediates ligand-induced down-re... CCR10 (previously known as GPR2) (Jarmin DI et al, 2000) is ... CCR6 (Baba M et al, 1997) is expressed on inactive memory T-... CCR7 (Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 1, EBI1) (Birkenbach M... CCR9 (previously called orphan receptor GPR 9-6) is highly e... Cell survival and growth are also promoted by AKT phosphoryl... CHE1, also named AATF, is an Apoptosis Antagonizing Transcri... Chemokine receptors are cytokine receptors found on the surf... Cholecystokinin (CCK, previously called pancreozymin) (Takah... Cholesterol and NADPH + H+ react to form 22beta-hydroxychole... Cholesterol is synthesized de novo from from acetyl CoA. The... Cholesterol traverses the cytosol and the mitochondrial inte... Cholesterol, NADPH + H+, and O2 form 7alpha-cholesterol (5-c... Cholesterol, NADPH + H+, and O2 react to form 24-hydroxychol... Cholesterol, NADPH + H+, and O2 react to form 27-hydroxychol... Choloyl CoA reacts with glycine or taurine to form glycochol... Class II facilitative transporters consist of GLUT5, 7, 9 an... Class III facilitative transporters consist of five members;... Coenzyme A (CoA) is a ubiquitous cofactor that functions as ... Complex formation between p75NTR and RHOA can leads to inhib... Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase or NADH dehydrogen... Complex IV (cytochrome oxidase) contains the hemeprotein cyt... Copper (Cu2+) is essential for many important biological pro... Coproporpyrinogen III enters the mitochondrial intermembrane... Corticosterone, NADPH + H+, and O2 react to form 18-hydroxyc... Corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH) is a 39-am... Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), originally named cort... Cortisol and NADP+ react to form cortisone, NADPH, and H+. T... CREB is phosphorylated at Serine 133 by RSK1/2/3. CREB readily dimerizes. CTL1 (Wille S et al, 2001) broadly expressed on leukocytes a... Cubilin is a membrane-associated protein colocalizing with m... CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is a member of the chemokine superfamil... CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor-1, SDF-1) (Shirozu M et ... CXCR1 (high affinity interleukin-8 receptor A) (Holmes WE et... CXCR2 (High affinity interleukin-8 receptor B) (Murphy PM an... CXCR3 (Loetscher M et al, 1996) is predominantly expressed o... CXCR6 (formerly called STRL33, BONZO, and TYMSTR) was assign... Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) induces gene tra... Cyclic-AMP-dependent transcription factor 1 (ATF1) can be ph... Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an alkylating agent used in cancer... CYP1A2 oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compound... CYP26B1 can also deactivate all-trans-retinoic acid by 4-hyd... CYP2A13 can also 7-hydroxylate coumarin. It shares a 93.5% i... CYP2D6 (debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase) has a wide substrate spe... CYP2E1 can catalyze the oxidation of the vinyl halide vinyl ... CYP2E1 can metabolize and activate a large number of solvent... CYP2S1 is a recently discovered cytochrome P450 enzyme on th... CYP2W1 is a so-called "ophan P450", a P450 which has no defi... CYP3A43 belongs to the CYP3A family, of which CYP3A4 is the ... CYP3A7 is only expressed in fetal liver and not in adults. I... Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) can oxidize a variety of struct... Cytochrome P450 8B1 (CYP8B1, sterol 12-alpha- hydroxylase) h... Cytoplasmic target proteins containing the SH2 domain can bi... Cytosolic GNPNAT1 catalyzes the reaction of glucosamine 6-ph... Cytosolic isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IPP isomerase) ... Cytosolic nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NaPRT) catal... Cytosolic PGM3 catalyzes the isomerization of N-acetyl-D-glu... Cytosolic porphobilinogen deaminase catalyzes the polymeriza... Cytosolic PPAT (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferas... Cytosolic thiamin pyrophosphokinase (TPK) catalyzes the reac... Cytosolic TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5) ... Cytosolic UAP1 catalyzes the reaction of N-acetyl-D-glucosam... Cytosolic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) catalyzes th... Cytosolic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) catalyzes th... Cytosolic uroporphyrinogen III synthase (URO3S) catalyzes th... DAkt (a protein kinase B) is recruited to the plasma membran... DARPP-32 is converted into an inhibitor of protein kinase A ... DARPP-32 is phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase ... DARPP-32 is phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase ... DeIF4E is an initiation factor for eukaryotic translation. D... Dephosphorylation of CBP/PAG negatively regulates the recrui... DFOXO belongs to the FOXO subfamily of forkhead transcriptio... Different ligands of the MOR receptor can promote MOR phosph... Dihydroxybenzoate is a typical substrate for Catechol O-meth... Dodecanoic acid (Lauric acid) is a medium-chain fatty acid w... Dolichol is a polyisoprenol lipid comprised of five-carbon i... Dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase (ALG5) associate... Dolichyl-phosphate-glucose functions as a donor of glucose g... Dolichyl-phosphate-glucose is flipped toward the luminal sid... Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH; dopamine beta-monooxygenase)... Dopamine receptors 1 (Dearry A et al, 1990) and 5 (Sunahara ... Dopamine receptors 2 (Grandy DK et al, 1989), 3 (Giros B et ... Dopamine receptors play vital roles in processes such as the... Dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32 kDa (DARP... DP1 is a G-protein-coupled receptor encoded by the PTGDR gen... DPDK1 (a phosphoinositide-dependant protein kinase) controls... DPDK1 is thought to directly phosphorylate a Threonine resid... DPTEN (a phosphoinositide phosphatase) catalyses the reversa... Drosophila contains seven insulin-like genes which encode fo... DTOR phosphorylates a threonine residue on DS6K, which is an... DTSC2 is inactivated by DAkt1-dependent phosphorylation of r... Dynamin is a microtubule-associated force-producing protein ... EGF (and indeed FGF, PDGF and NGF) stimulation results in CB... EGF and other growth factors induce oligomerization of their... EGFR kinase phosphorylates the phosphorylation sites tyrosin... EGFR phosphorylates PLC-gamma1, thus activating it. Eicosanoids, derived from polyunsaturated 20-carbon fatty ac... Eight enzymes are involved in heme biosynthesis, four each i... Eight SLC gene families are involved in the transport of ami... Electron transfer flavoprotein, ETF, a 63kDa heterodimer com... Endofin is a FYVE domain-containing protein that strongly re... Endogenous retinoic acids (RA) which play a role in gene reg... Endothelins are 21-amino acid vasoconstricting peptides prod... EP3 receptor mRNA are subject to alternative splicing at the... Epsin directly modifies membrane curvature on binding to PIP... ERKs are inactivated by the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). ... ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO), catalyzes the re-oxi... Farnesyl diphosphate farnesyltransferase (FDFT; squalene syn... Fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase (COX) converts arachidonic acid t... Ferrochelatase (FECH) catalyzes the insertion of ferrous iro... Five EDG-encoded receptors can all bind sphingolipid-1-phosp... Five human SLC13 genes encode sodium-coupled sulphate, di- a... Five SLC gene families encode proteins that mediate transpor... Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are the second famil... FMN can be phosphorylated and adenylated to produce the seco... Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a dimeric glycoprotein... Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, follitropin) is a hormone... Following activation, AKT can phosphorylate an array of targ... Following NGF binding, p75NTR activates the RAC (Ras-related... Formation of the hetero-tetrameric BMP2:receptor complex ind... Formation of the hetero-tetrameric TGF-beta 1 receptor compl... Four members of the SLC16A gene family encode classical mono... Four SLC gene families encode proteins that mediate the tran... Four SLC17 genes are thought to encode type I Na+-dependent ... Four transporters mediate GABA uptake in the brain, GAT1-3 a... FPRL1 has been reported to respond to numerous ligand with a... From the endoplasmic reticulum, the pro-neurotrophins transi... FRS2 binds to TRKA through the same motif (NPXY) around the ... Further condensation of an isopentenyl pyrophosphate with ge... G alpha q protein (or Gq/11) consists of four family members... G alpha-olf:GTP binds to inactive adenylate cyclase, causing... G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER; CEPR; G-protein... G protein-coupled receptor 44 (GPR44) is a GPCR that has rec... G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; 7TM receptors; seven tra... G proteins are inactive in the GDP-bound state. The ternary ... G proteins can deactivate themselves via their intrinsic GTP... G-alpha(i) does not inhibit adenylate cyclase through direct... G-protein coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A... GAB1 binds to EGF receptors via tyrosine autophosphorylation... Galanin is a 30-amino acid inhibitory neuropeptide encoded b... Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the chief inhibitory neuro... Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory trans... Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP, glucose-dependent insul... Gbetagamma rebinds Galpha-olfactory:GDP, stopping its activi... GDP-mannose is the mannose donor for the first 5 mannose add... Glucagon (Thomsen J et al, 1972) is an important peptide hor... Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (Drucker DJ 1999) is a 33-aa... Glucosamine-fructose 6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT) is ... Glucose 1-phosphate and UTP are the precursors to UDP-glucur... Glucuronidation conjugation utilizes UDP-glucuronosyltransfe... Glutathione S-Transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) are another m... GPR17, an orphan receptor at intermediate phylogenetic posit... GRB2 (Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) binds to GAB1 ... Grb2 can bind EGFR directly or through another SH2-containin... Grb2 is an adaptor molecule containing one SH2 domain and tw... GRK2 is a Serine/Threonine kinase. G-protein-coupled recepto... Group 3 members (SLC26A7 and 9) function as ion channels. SL... Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH, somatocrinin, growth... GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3) participates in the Wnt si... GTPase-activating protein (GAP) has two SH2 domains which bi... Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) alpha (Gi-alpha) inh... Heme oxygenase (HO) cleaves the heme ring at the alpha-methe... Hexoses like glucose, galactose and fructose serve as basic ... High concentrations of active CDC42 and bPix may promote the... Higher vertebrates possess multiple Notch receptors whereas ... Histamine H2 receptors (Gantz I et al, 1991) are primarily l... Histamine H3 receptor (Lovenberg TW et al, 1999) is predomin... Histamine is a biogenic amine involved in local immune respo... Hormones are chemicals released in very small quantities by ... Human amine oxidases (AO) catalyze the oxidative deamination... Human Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase PDE1 is a... Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone... Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, gonadotropin) is a dimeri... Human CYP4F12 is involved in metabolism of endogenous compou... Human monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are flavin-containing enzyme... Human SLC5A5 encodes a Na+/I- symporter, NIS (Smanik PA et a... Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) catalyzes the last... Hydroxymethybilane (HMB) can spontaneously cyclize and rearr... I-SMAD selectively antagonizes BMP-activated Smad1/5/9 by ac... I-SMADs are adaptor proteins that bind with phosphatases and... I-SMADs reside in the nucleus presumably to be sequestered f... If AMP:ATP ratio rises, AMP (instead of ATP) is bound by the... IkB is an inhibitory protein that sequesters NF-kB in the cy... In a healthy adult human, about 500 mg of cholesterol is con... In certain cell types, ligand binding to p75NTR leads to cer... In Drosophila there is a single insulin/IGF receptor homolog... In female vertebrates, estrogens control reproductive system... In general, nucleotides and cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLTs) ... In humans there are three main arginine vasopressin (AVP) re... In its active, GTP-bound form, RHOA rigidifies the actin cyt... In parallel sequences of three reactions each, thymine is co... In pyrimidine salvage reactions, nucleosides and free bases ... In the body, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is hydrolyzed to... In the first step of N-glycan precursor (LLO) synthesis, N-a... In the Golgi apparatus, TGF-beta 1 is activated by furin pro... In the last step of the N-glycan precursor biosynthesis path... In the last step, the beta subunit is converted to the open ... In the second step, 5-lipoxygenase converts 5-HpETE to an al... In the second step, FDFT catalyzes the reduction of presqual... In the tight configuration, the beta subunit catalyzes the r... In this two-step reaction catalyzed by 3beta-HSD associated ... Inactive phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1) binds to activa... Increased Ca2+ levels, acting via calmodulin, can activate P... Injury to the eye's surface provokes an inflammatory respons... Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) is a second messenger prod... Insulin signaling stimulates cell growth through the conserv... Intermedin (AM2) (Roh J et al, 2004) and adrenomedullin (AM)... Iodide (I-) is transported from blood serum into the thyroid... Iodothyronine deiodinases 1 and 2 (DIO1/2) are the vertebrat... IP3 promotes the release of intracellular calcium. IRS1 and IRS2 bind directly to TRK receptors phosphorylated ... K+/Cl- cotransport is implicated not only in regulatory volu... Lanosterol synthase (LS) catalyzes the cyclization of squale... Lead binds to ALAD enzyme displacing zinc ions essential for... Leukotriene A4 conjugates with reduced glutathione to produc... Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is a monomeric, soluble enz... Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is formed from arachidonic acid and is... Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is formed from arachidonic acid and is... Leukotriene receptors bind leukotriene ligands. There are fo... Leukotrienes are biologically active molecules formed in res... Ligands for human Notch receptors are proteins belonging to ... Ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are ... LKB1 forms a complex with STRAD and MO25 thereby attaining a... Long-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OHFAs) are omega-hydroxy... Luteininzing hormone (LH, lutropin) is a dimeric glycoprotei... Luteinizing hormone (LH, lutropin) is a hormone produced by ... M2 muscarinic receptors (Peralta EG et al, 1987) are located... Magnesium (Mg2+) is an abundant cation that is important for... Mammalian legumain (asparagine-specific endoprotease) is a s... Mammalian sodium/dicarboxylate cotransporters (transport suc... Mammalian sodium/dicarboxylate cotransporters (transport suc... Mannose 1-phosphate is converted to GDP-Mannose by mannose-1... Mannose 1-phosphate is converted to GDP-Mannose by mannose-1... Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (MPI) converts Fructose 6-phos... Many unrelated GPCRs couple with the Gi G-protein subtype. T... MAP Kinases are inactivated by a family of protein named MAP... MC2R (Gantz I et al, 1993) is also known as the ACTH recepto... Megalin (glycoprotein 330) is a member of the low density li... Melanocortins are a group of pituitary peptide hormones that... Melanopsin (Opsin-4) (Provencio I et al, 2000) is a member o... Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a natural hormon... Methimazole is a drug used to treat hyperthyroidism, a condi... Methylation is a common but minor pathway of Phase II conjug... Methylation is the major biotransformation route of thiopuri... Mevalonate kinase (MK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of meva... Mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase (MPD) decarboxylates ... Mitochondria are often described as the "powerhouse" of a ce... Mono- and di-iodinated tyrosine can combine to form tri-iodo... More complex protein hormones have carbohydrate side chains ... Most of the heme degraded in humans comes from hemoglobin. A... Most of the p75NTR C-terminal fragment resulting from alpha-... Mouse ZIP5, a zinc transporter, mediates the transfer of zin... MSK1 (Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5) is a serine/threo... MSK1 is required for the mitogen-induced phosphorylation of ... Muscarinic acetylcholine (mAChRs) receptors were so named be... Mutational analysis of tyrosine residues, highly conserved i... Myo-Inositol is a neutral cyclic polyol, abundant in mammali... N-acetylation occurs in two sequential steps via a ping-p... N-acetyltransferases (NATs; EC 2.3.1.5) utilize acetyl Co-A ... N-linked glycosylation commences with the 14-step synthesis ... N-linked glycosylation is an important post-translational mo... NAD synthase catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of... NAD+ kinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from... NADE forms a complex with the 14-3-3epsilon isoform. The las... NADE protein (p75NTR-associated cell death executor) may ind... Natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) r... Nerve growth factor (NGF) activates multiple signalling path... Neurokinin A (substance K) (Gerard NP et al, 1990) is a pept... Neurokinin B peptide (NKB) (Torricelli M et al, 2007) is a t... Neurotensin (Dong Z et al, 1998) is a 13-amino acid neuropep... Neurotrophin (NGF or BDNF) binding to p75NTR increases RHO-G... Neurotrophin binding to p75NTR leads to recruitment of TRAF6... Neurotrophin functions are mediated by binding of the secre... Neurotrophin or proneurotrophin signalling promotes p75NTR c... Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5) play pivotal roles i... Neurotrophins utilize multiple pathways to activate ERKs (ER... NF-kB activation involves recruitment at the cell membrane o... NGF binding to p75NTR activates N-SMase (Neutral sphingomyel... NGF binding to p75NTR induces recruitment of the atypical PK... NGF induces sustained activation of p38, a member of the MAP... NGF stimulation results in recruitment of IKK-beta (Inhibito... NHE1 (SLC9A1) is present in most cells and is the most exten... NHE6 (SLC9A6) (Brett CL et al, 2002; Nakamura N et al, 2005)... NHE7 and 8 (SLC9A7,8) (Nakamura N et al, 2005) are expressed... NHE9 (SLC9A9) (Nakamura N et al, 2005) is expressed ubiquito... NICD translocates to the nucleus and assembles into a ternar... Nicotinamide deaminase deaminates nicotinamide to nicotinate... Nicotinamide levels are modulated by the action of three enz... Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NamPRT) catalyzes th... Nicotinate (niacin) and nicotinamide are precursors of the c... NMNAT2 catalyzes the reaction of nicotinate D-ribonucleotide... Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) is a neurotransmitter whose a... Normally under low AMP:ATP conditions, the active AMPK is de... NRAGE (neurotrophin receptor-interacting MAGE homolog), a me... NRIF (nuclear receptor-interacting factor) is a DNA binding ... NRIF and TRAF6 appear to cooperate in JNK activation. TRAF6 ... NRIF is a ubiquitously expressed zinc finger protein of the ... NRIF polyubiquitination is necessary for nuclear translocati... Nucleosides and free bases generated by DNA and RNA breakdow... Nucleotide sugars are used as sugar donors by glycosyltransf... Nucleotides and their derivatives are used for short-term en... O2-dependent coproporpyrinogen oxidase (CPO) catalyzes the c... Of the 20-40 grams of bile salts released daily by the liver... Of the 50 microsomal CYPs, 15 act on xenobiotics. They all p... Of the internalized NGF:TRK complexes, many undergo recyclin... Omeprazole is a potent long-acting inhibitor of gastric acid... On formation, leukotriene C4 is exported to the extracellula... Once activated by PGE2, the EP2 (Regan JW et al, 1994) recep... Once activated by RIT or RIN, B-RAF activates, through MEK, ... Once activated PLC-gamma1 dissociates from EGFR, it can hydr... Once activated, adenylate cyclase utilizes one molecule of A... Once activated, JNK phosphorylates targets in cytoplasm, inc... Once AKT is localized at the plasma membrane, it is phosphor... Once bound by either NGF or proNGF, p75NTR interacts with NR... Once bound to EGFR, SHC is phosphorylated on two tyrosines (... Once bound to the membrane, PLA2 hydrolyzes phosphatidylchol... Once bound to the NGF:p75NTR complex, NADE contributes to ce... Once dissociated from IkB, NF-kB moves to the nucleus. Once ... Once dissociated from NF-kB, the phosphorylated IkB protein ... Once out of the lysosome, calcidiol binds to intracellular v... Once phosphorylated, PLC-gamma dissociates from the receptor Once Shc is phosphorylated, it dissociates from the receptor... Once the intrinsic GTPase hydrolyzes GTP to GDP, Galpha-i di... Once the intrinsic GTPase hydrolyzes GTP to GDP, Galpha-olf ... Once vitamin D3 is released from DBP, it becomes available f... One important physiological role for Calmodulin is the regul... Opioids are chemical substances similar to opiates, the acti... Opsins are light-sensitive, 35-55 kDa membrane-bound G prote... Organic anion transporters (OATs) mediate the renal absorpti... Over 10 dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) active an MAP ... Oxoeicosanoids are a family of biologically active arachidon... Oxytocin is a nonapetide closely related to vasopressin (Moh... P2Y receptors are a family of purinergic receptors, G protei... p38 MAPK activation leads to CREB Serine 133 phosphorylation... p38 MAPK is known to activate the Ser/Thr protein kinase MAP... P450 11B2 (steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase) is a mitochondrial c... p75NTR can also form a receptor complex with the Nogo recept... p75NTR directly complexes with RHO-GDI (RHO-GDP Dissociation... p75NTR exists in a multimeric form both in presence or absen... p75NTR is a key regulator of neuronal apoptosis, both during... p75NTR modulates axonal growth by regulating the activity of... p75NTR undergoes a process of regulated intramembrane proteo... Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a naturally occurring member of the ta... Pantothenate kinase 2 catalyzes the reaction of ATP and pant... Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (Hendy GN et al, 1981), parathyroi... PDE4 hydrolyzes cAMP to AMP. PDGF dimer binds two receptors simultaneously. The receptors... Peptide hormones are peptides that are secreted directly int... Phase 1 of metabolism is concerned with functionalizat... Phase II of biotransformation is concerned with *conjug...* Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) is the termina... Phenytoin is a widely used anti-epileptic drug which can be ... Phosphatase action on FAD can reform FMN. The enzyme perform... Phosphatidylinositides generated by PI3K recruit phosphatidy... Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of enzy... Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes hydrolyze arachidonic acid (... Phospholipase C-gamma (PLC) acts on the same substrate as PI... Phosphomannomutase 1 and 2 (PMM1 and PMM2) catalyze the isom... Phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK) catalyzes the reversible, ATP... Phosphorus is an essential element that is critical for stru... Phosphorylated GAB1 can bind PI3 kinase by its regulatory al... Phosphorylation at Tyrosine 1045 of EGFR creates a major doc... Phosphorylation of ARMS by Trk receptor (on tyrosine 1096) e... Phosphorylation of p27Kip1 at T157 and of p21Cip1 at T145 by... Phosphorylation of riboflavin results in the formation of th... Phosphorylation of Shc adapter proteins, and the concomitant... PI3-kinase phosphorylates several phosphatidyl-inositides (p... PI3K/AKT signalling is a major regulator of neuron survival... PI3Ks are implicated in cell growth, number and size. Dp110,... Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) i... Platelet-activating factor (PAF, AGEPC, acetyl-glyceryl-ethe... Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) is a potent stimulator... PLC-beta1 is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Gq-alpha,... PLC-gamma 1 has been shown to bind to phosphorylated Tyr 102... Polyamine oxidases (PAOs), like MAOs, are also FAD-dependant... Porphyrins are heterocyclic macrocycles, consisting of four ... PP2A is ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells, existing... PP2B (calcineurin) is a calcium-dependent, calmodulin-stimul... PRAS40 (proline-rich Akt/PKB substrate 40 kDa) is a substrat... PRDM4 is found in the cytoplasm. Following binding of NGF to... PRDM4, usually named SC1, for Schwann Cell factor 1, is a zi... Pregenolone is translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to... Pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione isomerizes to progesterone. This reac... Pregnenolone and NADPH + H+ react to form 17alpha-hydroxypre... Processes annotated here include the digestion of dietary li... Progesterone, NADPH + H+, and O2 react to form 17alpha-hydro... Prostacyclin (PGI2) prevents formation of the platelet plug ... Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the most abundant prostanoid in t... Prostaglandin F receptor (FP) is a GPCR for Prostaglandin F2... Prostanoid hormones are formed from the precursor arachidoni... Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2C (SHP2) is ubiquitously expre... Proteins with transporting functions can be roughly classifi... Protoporphyrin IX is transported into the mitochondrial matr... Purinergic receptors (Burnstock G, 2006; Abbracchio MP et al... Pyridine is a typical substrate for Nicotinamide N-methyltra... r-SMAD levels are kept low within cells. This is achieved by... RAC activation was described as essential for p75NTR to indu... Rap1 binds to B-RAF; as a consequence, B-RAF is recruited to... Rap1 is a small G protein, necessary for prolonged ERK activ... Rat Znt2 can confer resistance to zinc toxicity in a zinc-se... Rat Znt3 is localized to the brain and testis. Immunohistoch... Reactions for the synthesis of the small nucleotide-linked s... Receptor activated heterotrimeric G proteins consist of the ... Receptor dimerisation is key event in PDGF receptor activati... Regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity is imp... Respiratory oxidation in the mitochondria produces carbon di... Retinoic acid (RA) is a biologically active analogue of vit... RhoA is activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Rh... Rhodopsin (encoded by the human gene OPN2) (Nathans J and Ho... Rhodopsin-like receptors (class A/1) are the largest group o... Riboflavin (vitamin B2, E101) is an essential component for ... Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 (RSK) activation is a hig... RIT and RIN are activated by neurotrophins through unknown e... RIT and RIN are two small guanine nucleotide binding protein... SC1 (Schwann Cell factor 1; also called PR domain zinc finge... Secretin (SCT) (Whitmore TE et al, 2000) is a peptide hormon... Serotonin (5-HT) is a hormone and neurotransmitter used for ... Serotonin (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays ... Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) catalyzes the N-acetyl... Several guanine exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rho family o... SHC (Src homology 2 domain-containing) transforming protein ... Shc proteins (Shc 1, 2, 3) are signalling adapters, able to ... SHP2 can dephosphorylate paxillin, which leads to Csk dissoc... SHP2 down-regulates PI3K activation by dephosphorylating GAB... Signalling through Shc adaptor proteins appears to be identi... Single C motif-1 (SCM-1; lymphotactin, CXC1) is a member of ... Six electrons are oxidized in proto'gen IX to form the plana... Six SLC gene families encode proteins which mediate transpor... SKI resides in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm... SLC17A5 encodes a lysosomal sialic acid transporter, Sialin ... SLC24A6 (NCKX6, NCLX) (Palty R et al, 2004) encodes a protei... SLC2A13 encodes a H+/myo-inositol co-transporter, HMIT (Uldr... SLC2A7 encodes GLUT7, a class II facilitative glucose transp... SLC34A1 encodes Na+/Pi cotransporter (NaPi-IIa) which is exp... SLC34A3 is almost exclusively expressed in the kidney and en... SLC5A8 encodes for the apical iodide transporter, AIT (also ... Slow intrisinc GTPase activity results in an inactivation of... Smad6 and Smad7, the two I-Smads, bind directly to the BMP t... Somatostatin (growth hormone inhibiting hormone, GHIH; somat... Some members of the SLC4A family couple the transport of bic... Some transmembrane proteins such as the Notch receptor can b... Sortilin is a membrane protein that acts as co-receptor for ... SOS is the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Ras.... Sphingomyielinase promotes the conversion of sphingomyelin t... Sprouty can constitutively interact with two SH3 domains of ... Sprouty is ubiquitinated by CBL in an EGF-dependent manner. ... Sprouty is ubiquitinated by CBL in an EGF-dependent manner. ... Squalene monooxygenase (squalene epoxidase, SE) is located o... Stimulatory G proteins activate adenylate cyclase, which dri... Substance P (Harmar AJ et al, 1986) is an neuropeptide, 11 a... Tachykinin peptides are one of the largest family of neurope... Tamoxifen (TAM) is an antiestrogen and currently used extens... Teleologically, one might argue that inorganic cation and an... THCA (3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate) ... The "fatty acid cycling" hypothesis proposes that protonated... The "proton buffering" model proposes that UCP1 is intrinsic... The 110 kDa catalytic subunit binds to the 85 kDa regulatory... The 14-sugar N-glycan precursor, synthesized in the previous... The 17HSD family of enzymes catalyze the final step in the s... The 5-HT-2 receptors mediate many of the central and periphe... The 5-HT4 receptor (Van den Wyngaert I et al, 1997) is locat... The 8 residue neuropeptide FF (NPFF, morphine-modulating pep... The 85kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is involved in ... The *Protonmotive Q cycle* is the mechanism by w... The A1 receptor (Libert F et al, 1992) has an inhibitory fun... The activated TGF-beta receptor complex is internalized by c... The activation of phosphlipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma) and subse... The active form of G protein alpha subunit q (Gq-alpha) was ... The active form of Ral, Ral-GTP, activates Src tyrosine kina... The activity of TRAF6 is regulated by autoubiquitination. Th... The adaptor protein CIN85 is monoubiquitinated by CBL after ... The adaptor protein Frs2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor ... The adenosine receptors (P1 receptors) are a class of purine... The adenylate transferase activity of bifunctional coenzyme ... The adrenoceptors (adrenergic receptors) are targets for the... The alpha-1 adrenoceptors are involved in smooth muscle cont... The amino acid glycine plays an important role in neurotrans... The amino acid L-proline can act as a neurotransmitter. Its ... The amino-acid sequence of DARPP-32 contains consensus phosp... The arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptor AVPR2 (Birnbaumer M ... The atypical protein kinase C-iota isoform (aPKC-i) is recru... The beta subunit has 3 conformations; tight, open<... The beta subunit of the DINR complex binds and phosphorylate... The bile salts glycocholate, glycochenodeoxycholate, tauroch... The binding of an opiate peptide to the mu opiate receptor s... The binding of neurotrotrophin to TrkA receptors induce thei... The Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) ca... The CALC1 gene produces a prepropeptide from which calcitoni... The calcitonin gene-related peptides alpha-CGRP and beta-CGR... The calcitonin peptide family comprises calcitonin, amylin, ... The calmodulin:CaMK IV complex enters the nucleus. The cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), a key re... The cannabinoid receptors are a class of receptors within th... The cardiovascular and other actions of the vasoconstricting... The catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is predomin... The catecholamine neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline ... The cation-chloride cotransporter family (SLC12 gene family)... The chronic activation of mu-opioid receptors, which, when c... The class A (rhodopsin-like) GPCRs that bind to classical bi... The class A (rhodopsin-like) GPCRs that bind to hormone liga... The class C G-protein-coupled receptors are a class of G-pro... The class I facilitative glucose transporters contain GLUT1-... The combination of glutamate, cysteine and ATP is required t... The committed step for porphyrin synthesis is the formation ... The conjugation of cysteine and 4'- phosphopantothenate to f... The conversion of testosterone to the most potent androgen, ... The CYP3A family are the most abundantly expressed P450s in ... The CYP4 family are the main CYPs involved in the metabolism... The cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cys-LTs) are potent smooth muscl... The cytoplasmic domain of EGFR contains tyrosine, serine and... The decarboxylation of phosphopantothenoylcysteine is carrie... The different molecules listed (NRAGE, NRIF, NADE, TRAF6) me... The dihydroxy-leukotriene, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) stimulates ... The Drosophila homologue to mammalian IRS1-4 (Insulin Recept... The DTSC1/2 complex antagonizes the amino-acid-TOR signaling... The Duffy blood group system consists of two antigens defini... The eighth mannose is added to the N-glycan. This reaction o... The enzyme which catalyzes the conjugation of bilirubin (UGT... The enzyme, nicotinate nucleotide pyrophosphorylase, is spec... The EP1 protein (Funk CD et al, 1993) is one of four recepto... The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one member of... The events of human purine metabolism are conveniently, if s... The FA anion which was facing the matrix side of the inner m... The family of enzymes called prenyltransferases is involved ... The first and rate limiting step in serotonin (5-HT) biosynt... The first glucose is added to the N-glycan precursor, mediat... The first step in the biogenesis of thyroid hormones is the ... The five members of the NCKX (SLC24) family are all able to ... The GEF:DRheb-GDP complex freely exchanges its bound nucleot... The glucagon hormone family regulates the activity of GPCRs ... The guanine nucleotide exchange factor SOS interacts with EG... The high affinity complex beta-endorphin:mu opioid receptor ... The histamine H1 receptor (De Backer MD et al, 1993) is foun... The human gene SLC30A5 encodes the zinc transporter ZnT5. T... The human form of the receptor was cloned and sequenced as G... The human gene family SLC47 encodes 2 multidrug and toxin ex... The human gene RhAG encodes a Rhesus blood group family type... The human gene RhBG encodes a Rhesus blood group family type... The human gene RhCG encodes the Rhesus blood group family ty... The human gene SLC13A1 encodes a sodium/sulphate co-transpor... The human gene SLC13A4 encodes a sodium/sulphate co-transpor... The human gene SLC18A1 encodes the vesicular monoamine trans... The human gene SLC22A1 expresses the organic cation transpor... The human gene SLC22A18 encodes organic cation transporter-l... The human gene SLC22A2 encodes the organic cation transporte... The human gene SLC22A3 encodes organic cation transporter OC... The human gene SLC22A4 encodes the ergothioneine transporter... The human gene SLC22A5 encodes the organic cation/carnitine ... The human gene SLC22A6 encodes organic anion transporter1 (O... The human gene SLC22A7 encodes organic anion transporter 2 (... The human gene SLC29A3 encodes the equilibrative nucleoside ... The human gene SLC29A4 encodes the equilibrative nucleoside ... The human gene SLC30A1 encodes the zinc transporter ZnT1. It... The human gene SLC30A2 encodes zinc transporter ZnT2. Its fu... The human gene SLC30A3 encodes zinc transporter ZnT3. Throug... The human gene SLC30A7 encodes the zinc transporter ZnT7. It... The human gene SLC33A1 encodes acetyl-CoA transporter AT1 (K... The human gene SLC35A1 encodes the CMP-sialic acid transport... The human gene SLC35A2 encodes the UDP-galactose transporter... The human gene SLC35A3 encodes the UDP-GlcNAc transporter (I... The human gene SLC35B2 encodes the adenosine 3'-phospho 5'-p... The human gene SLC35B4 encodes the bifunctional UDP-xylose a... The human gene SLC35B4 encodes the bifunctional UDP-xylose a... The human gene SLC35C1 encodes the GDP-fucose transporter FU... The human gene SLC35D2 encodes the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine/... The human gene SLC35D2 encodes the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine/... The human gene SLC39A1 encodes the zinc transporter hZIP1. I... The human gene SLC39A10 encodes the zinc transporter hZIP10.... The human gene SLC39A5 encodes the zinc transporter hZIP5 (W... The human gene SLC39A6 encodes the zinc transporter ZIP6 (LI... The human gene SLC39A7 encodes the zinc transporter ZIP7 (HK... The human gene SLC39A8 encodes the zinc transporter ZIP8 (BI... The human gene SLC5A2 encodes a sodium-dependent glucose tra... The human gene SLC5A9 encodes a low affinity transporter for... The human iodotyrosine dehalogenase 1 (DEHAL1) gene is compo... The human SLC10A6 gene encodes a sodium-dependant organic an... The human SLC13A5 gene encodes a sodium-coupled citrate tran... The human SLC15 gene family encode four proton-coupled oligo... The human SLC26 gene family consists of eleven members which... The human SLC2A9 gene encodes two isoforms of class II facil... The human SLC30 gene family of solute carriers is thought to... The human SLC30A8 gene encodes the zinc transporter ZnT8 whi... The human SLC36A gene family encodes four proton-coupled neu... The human SLC5A11 gene encodes a high affinity myo-inositol ... The human SLC5A3 gene encodes a Na+/myo-inositol transporter... The human SLC5A7 gene encodes a sodium- and chloride-depende... The human tumour suppressor gene SLC5A8 encodes for a sodium... The insulin/IGF-like signaling (IIS) and TOR pathways are re... The insulin/IGF-like signaling (IIS) and TOR pathways are re... The interaction of DRheb with its guanine nucleotide exchang... The interaction of DRheb with its guanine nucleotide exchang... The internalized complex enters the lysosome where it can be... The iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO) are dimeric, membrane-bo... The IP3 receptor (IP3R) is an IP3-gated calcium channel. It ... The isomerization of 25(R) THCA-CoA to 25(S) THCA-CoA, catal... The kinase activity of CoA synthase catalyzes the reaction o... The kinase activity of PI3K mediates the phosphorylation of ... The KiSS1-derived peptide receptor, GPR54 is a galanin-like ... The large latent complex of TGF-beta1 is secreted by exocyto... The last glucose is added to the N-glycan precursor. This re... The last mannose is added to the N-glycan. This reaction occ... The LPA-binding EDG receptors all bind to the ligand lysopho... The Lysophospholipid receptor (LPLR) group are members of th... The M1 receptor (Peralta EG et al, 1987) is found in exocrin... The mature dimeric BMP2 binds with high affinity to its sign... The mature dimeric TGF-beta 1 binds with high affinity to it... The mature Notch receptor translocates to the plasma membran... The MEF2 (Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2) proteins const... The MEOS (microsomal ethanol oxidizing system) is an accesso... The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are members of... The microsomal enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase is a member... The mouse SLC30A7 gene encodes Znt7 and is detected in many ... The NADE protein interacts with p75NTR to mediate cell death... The NCX (SCL8, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger) family is one of three fa... The NEYTEG motif is very similar to the CBL binding motif a... The NF-kB pathway is an important pro-survival signalling pa... The NGF activation of p38 MAP kinase is transient, being max... The NGF:p75:NRAGE complex promotes threonine and tyrosine ph... The NgR1:p75NTR complex also interacts with LINGO1, a nervou... The Notch receptor is synthesized as a precursor polypeptide... The Notch Signaling Pathway (NSP) is a highly conserved path... The nuclear r-SMAD:Co-SMAD complex recruits ubiquitin conjug... The orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptides (A and B) both derive ... The orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptides (A and B) both derive ... The organic cation transporters comprise three SLC22 members... The orphan G protein-coupled receptors mentioned here regula... The orphan nociceptin (ORL1) receptor (Mollereau C et al, 19... The orphan QRFP receptor (SP9155) (Lee DK et al, 2001) share... The P2Y1 receptor can bind ADP (Leon C et al, 1996). In plat... The P2Y10 receptor is expressed during myeloid differentiati... The P2Y11 receptor (Communi D et al, 1997) can bind adenosin... The P2Y12 receptor (Bodor ET et al, 2003) is found on the su... The P2Y13 receptor is closely related to P2Y12 and displays ... The P2Y2 receptor (Parr CE et al, 1994) is responsive to bot... The P2Y4 receptor (Communi D et al, 1995) is responsive to u... The P2Y5 receptor (Lee CW et al, 2006) binds lysophosphatidi... The P2Y6 receptor (Communi D et al, 1996) is responsive to U... The p75NTR extracellular domain interacts with NOGO receptor... The p75NTR ICD has the potential to bind many intracellular ... The p75NTR:RHO-GDI complex appears to be strengthened in pre... The p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK1-4) comprise a family of s... The parathyroid glands play a role in ion homeostasis by sen... The PH domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein phospha... The Phospho-Chico: Activated DINR in the plasma membrane bin... The phospholipase C (PLC) family of enzymes is both diverse ... The phospholipase C (PLC) family of enzymes is both diverse ... The phosphorylated C-terminal tail of r-SMAD induces a confo... The phosphorylated-r-SMAD1/5/8:Co-SMAD complex rapidly trans... The phosphorylated-R-SMAD:CO-SMAD complex rapidly translocat... The phosphorylation of a dolichol residue of the ER membrane... The phosphorylation of AKT at threonine and serine can be in... The phosphorylation of the phosphodiesterase increases its a... The PI3K network is negatively regulated by phospholipid pho... The PI3K regulatory subunit p85 binds to IRS1 or IRS2, tyros... The PI3K/AKT network is negatively regulated by phosphatases... The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) (... The PLC-gamma 1 docking site in Trk receptor (Y785) is impor... The pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of GAB1 binds to PIP3 an... The precursor of the N-glycan sugar, now in the form of (Glc... The precursor of the N-glycan sugar, now in the form of (Glc... The primary site for absorption of dietary iron is the duode... The primary site for absorption of dietary iron is the duode... The principal conjugate of bilirubin in bile is bilirubin di... The pro-neurotrophins are rapidly cleaved intra-cellularly b... The prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (PrRP; GRP10) (Marc... The protein complex of dimeric TGF-beta 1 with the type II r... The proteins responsible for the exchange of Cl- with HCO3- ... The proteins responsible for the exchange of Cl- with HCO3- ... The prototypic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) EGFR is compos... The prototypical transporters of the SLC15 gene family are P... The purine bases guanine and hypoxanthine (derived from aden... The purine ribonucleotide inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) is ... The pyrimidine orotate (orotic acid) is synthesized in a seq... The RAF/MEK/ERK network topology underlies ERK dynamics, whi... The Ras-related protein, Ral becomes activated once GDP is r... The rat gene slc39a10 encodes the zinc transporter rZip10, t... The re-entry of protons into the mitochondrial matrix throug... The regulatory subunit of PI3K mediates the association of G... The reversible conversion of leukotriene C4 to leukotriene D... The Rhesus (Rh) glycoproteins were originally described in h... The RIP2 (receptor-interacting protein-2) kinase is a mediat... The role of autophosphorylation sites on PDGF receptors are ... The role of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein G alpha-s... The second glucose (supplied from the donor dolichol-phospha... The second step in vitamin D3 activation requires further hy... The serine/threonine kinase IRAK (interleukin-1 receptor-ass... The seventh mannose is added to the N-glycan. This reaction ... The SH2 domains repress phosphatase activity of SHP2. Bindin... The sixth mannose is added to the N-glycan. This reaction oc... The skin's exposure to UV rays from sunlight induces the pho... The SLC12A3 gene encodes for the Thiazide-sensitive sodium-c... The SLC16A gene family encode proton-linked monocarboxylate ... The SLC17 gene family encode proteins which are organic anio... The SLC22 gene family of solute carriers function as organic... The SLC26A1 and 2 genes encode proteins that facilitate sulf... The SLC34 family of type II Na+/Pi cotransporters consist of... The SLC39 gene family encode zinc transporters belonging to ... The SLC6 gene family encodes proteins that mediate neurotran... The SLC9 gene family encode proteins (sodium/proton exchange... The Src family of tyrosine kinases are characterized by a SH... The Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of the phosphatidylinositol ... The start coordinate is not yet known The steps which ultimately form xanthine are described. The structurally related (70% identity) orphan G-protein-cou... The target of rapamycin (TOR) proteins are large protein kin... The ternary complex neurotransmitter:receptor:G-protein bind... The ternary complex neurotransmitter:receptor:G-protein diss... The TGF-beta/BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) pathway incorp... The TGF-beta/BMP pathway incorporates several signalling pat... The third proteolytic cleavage releases the Notch IntraCellu... The tyrosine sites on SHC become possible binding sites for ... The tyrosine-protein phosphatase SHP2 is a positive effector... The vasopressins are peptide hormones consisting of nine ami... The volatile anesthetic halothane can undergo CYP2E1-catalyz... There are three well-characterized families of opioid peptid... There are two classes of glutamate transporters; the excitat... There are two classes of glutamate transporters; the excitat... There are two transporters of this type; The genes SLC20A1 a... These receptors, a subset of the Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like) ... These three receptors can all bind the CC chemokine CCL16. C... This event is deduced on the basis of bovine experimental da... This family is known as Family B (secretin-receptor family, ... This reaction is not coupled with any P450 reductase protein... Three receptors have a common CC chemokine CCL5 that can sig... Thrombin (Butkowski RJ et al, 1977) plays a vital role in bl... Thromboxane (TBXA2) is a potent stimulator for platelet aggr... Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin) is a dimeric ... Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin) is a glycopep... Thyroxine (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine, T4) promotes normal... Thyroxine (T4) can be formed by the combination of two diiod... To be functionally active, vitamin D is required to be dihyd... Tolbutamide is an oral hypoglycemic agent whose action is te... Trace amines, such as para-tyramine, beta-phenylethylamine (... TRAF6 attaches a lysine 63-linked polyubiquitin chain to lys... Transducin (Gt) is a heterotrimeric G protein encoded by GNA... TRK receptors can also be activated by at least two G-protei... Trk receptors can either be activated by neurotrophins or by... Trk receptors signal from the plasma membrane and from intra... TRKA at the plasma membrane typically results in rapid endoc... TrkA can bind the Ras subfamly members RIT and RIN. TSC2 (in the TSC complex) functions as a GTPase-activating p... Tuberous sclerosis is a human disease caused by mutated TSC1... Two gene families are responsible for glucose transport in h... Two gene families are responsible for glucose transport in h... Two genes (SLC12A1 and SLC12A2) encode Na+,K+/2Cl- cotranspo... Two genes encode Na+-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchangers; SLC4A8 ... Two groups of sulfotransferease (SULT) enzymes catalyze the ... Two human genes mediate the transport of zinc into the TGN a... Type III iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO3) is an integral memb... Typical N-centred substrates were chosen as examples for the... Typical NAT 1 substrates were chosen as examples. They are s... Typical NAT 2 substrates were chosen as examples. They are p... Typical O-centred substrates were chosen as examples for the... Typical substrates are chosen as examples for which the majo... Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the first enzyme in catecholami... Tyrosines can be iodinated in thyroglobulin to produce precu... UDP-acetylglucosamine acts as a donor for the first two step... Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are members of the mitochondrial ... Under conditions of growth and mitogen stimulation S473 phos... Under construction - the process by which vitamin B12 is met... Upon activation in response to NGF, NF-kB moves to the nucle... Upon complex formation with STRAD and MO25, LKB1 (also known... Upon EGF stimulation and consequent EGFR phosphorylation, GR... Upon formation of a trimeric LKB1:STRAD:MO25 complex, LKB1 p... Upon neurotrophin stimulation, p75NTR interacts with the ubi... Upon phosphorylation of the R-SMAD, the conformation of the ... Upon recruitment to p75NTR, Interleukin-1 receptor-associate... Urate is a naturally occurring product of purine metabolism ... Uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose (UDP-glucose) has a well establi... Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (Tsukada T et al, 1985) ... Vitamin B1 (thiamin) is found naturally in certain foodstuff... Vitamin D binding protein (DBP), a plasma protein, carries t... Vitamin D metabolites are lipophilic and must be transported... Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is a steroid hormone that plays... Vitamins are a diverse group of organic compounds, required ... When dissociated Galpha-GTP and Gbeta-gamma can activate or ... When the co-receptor sortilin is present at the cell surface... While dopamine is synthesized in the cytosol, its conversion... While noradrenaline is synthesized in the secretory vesicle,... Within early endosomes, p75NTR C-Terminal Fragment undergoes... Within the nucleus, PRDM4 is found in a complex with HDACs (... Xenobiotics and endogenous compounds containing carboxylate ... Xenobiotics that contain either a carboxylic group or an aro... Zinc is an essential element for all organisms because it se...
Author of entries
'C-terminal modulator protein [plasma membrane]' negatively regulates 'TORC2 (mTOR) phosphorylates AKT at S473' 'DARPP-32 phosphorylated on Thr75 [cytosol]' negatively regulates 'PKA phosphorylates PDE4B' 'heme [mitochondrial matrix]' negatively regulates 'Succinyl CoA and glycine condense to form 5-aminolevulinate (ALA)' 'Long-chain fatty acid [cytosol]' positively regulates 'Protons are translocated from the intermembrane space to the matrix' 'Phosphorylated Raptor [cytosol]' negatively regulates 'Activation of S6K1' 'Purine nucleotide [cytosol]' negatively regulates 'Protons are translocated from the intermembrane space to the matrix' 'Tribbles homolog 3 [plasma membrane]' negatively regulates 'PDK1 phosphorylates AKT at T308' (2'-deoxy)adenosine + H2O => (2'-deoxy)inosine + NH3 [ADA] [Homo sapiens] (2'-deoxy)cytidine + ATP => (d)CMP + ADP [DCK] [Homo sapiens] (ARMS)Rap1-GTP binds and activates B-Raf [Homo sapiens] (d)AMP + ATP <=> (d)ADP + ADP [AK1] [Homo sapiens] (d)CMP or UMP + ATP <=> (d)CDP or UDP + ADP [CMPK1] [Homo sapiens] (d)GMP + ATP <=> (d)GDP + ADP [GUK1] [Homo sapiens] (d)GMP or (d)IMP + H2O => (2'-deoxy)guanosine or (2'-deoxy)inosine + orthophosphate [NT5C2] [Homo sapiens] (deoxy)cytidine + H2O => (deoxy)uridine + NH4+ [CDA] [Homo sapiens] (deoxy)guanosine + orthophosphate <=> guanine + (deoxy)ribose 1-phosphate [NP] [Homo sapiens] (deoxy)inosine + orthophosphate <=> hypoxanthine + (deoxy)ribose 1-phosphate [NP] [Homo sapiens] (Frs2)C3G stimulates nucleotide exchange on Rap1 [Homo sapiens] (Frs2)Rap1-GTP binds to and activates B-Raf [Homo sapiens] (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)2 (Man)9 (PP-Dol)1 [integral to lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C (Glc)2 (GlcNAc)2 (Man)9 (PP-Dol)1 [integral to lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C (Glc)3 (GlcNAc)2 (Man)9 (Asn)1 [integral to lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C (Glc)3 (GlcNAc)2 (Man)9 (PP-Dol)1 [integral to lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C (GlcNAc)2 (Man)2 (PP-Dol)1 [integral to cytosolic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C (GlcNAc)2 (Man)3 (PP-Dol)1 [integral to cytosolic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C (GlcNAc)2 (Man)5 (PP-Dol)1 [integral to cytosolic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C (GlcNAc)2 (Man)5 (PP-Dol)1 [integral to lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C (GlcNAc)2 (Man)6 (PP-Dol)1 [integral to lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C (GlcNAc)2 (Man)7 (PP-Dol)1 [integral to lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C (GlcNAc)2 (Man)8 (PP-Dol)1 [integral to lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C (GlcNAc)2 (Man)9 (PP-Dol)1 [integral to lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C (S)-3-aminoisobutyric acid [cytosol] C (S)-dihydroorotate + ubiquinone => orotate + ubiquinol [Homo sapiens] /figures/complex_I.jpg /figures/cox_act2.jpg /figures/dephosGAB_by_SHP2.jpg /figures/egfr_autophos.jpg /figures/egfr_binds_shc.jpg /figures/egfr_P_by_src.jpg /figures/egfr_phos_of_shc_.jpg /figures/eicosanoid_overview.jpg /figures/eicosanoid_synthesis.jpg /figures/ETC_overview.jpg /figures/ethanol_detox.jpg /figures/FMO_cat_cycle.JPG /figures/gab_binds_grb2.jpg /figures/gab_grb2_binds_pi3k.jpg /figures/Glycobiology_reduced.jpg /figures/gpcr_overview.jpg /figures/Gproteins_161007.jpg /figures/GSH_formation.jpg /figures/Notch_diagram.jpg /figures/p450_cat_cycle.JPG /figures/PAPS_formation.jpg /figures/Phase2_cofactors.jpg /figures/phos_shc_binds_grb2sos.jpg /figures/phosGAB_SHP2.jpg /figures/pi3k_cat_unit_binds.jpg /figures/pi3k_converts_pip2_2_pip3.jpg /figures/porphyrin_biosynthesis.jpg /figures/SAM_formation.jpg /figures/SBGNdiag_101007_2.jpg /figures/sos_acts_ras.jpg /figures/sos_gbr2_binds_egfr_egf.jpg /figures/TGF-beta_signaling.jpg /figures/ucp.jpg /figures/ucp_proton_buffering.jpg /figures/UDPGA_formation.jpg /figures/updated_BMP_figure2_261107.jpg /figures/xeno_metab.JPG 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 [mitochondrial matrix] 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [mitochondrial matrix] 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is deactivated [Homo sapiens] 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase activity of CYP24A1 [mitochondrial inner membrane] 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene [cytosol] 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium [cytosol] C C 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium [extracellular region] C C 11,12-EET [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of HSD11B1 dimer [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] 11-deoxycorticosterone [cytosol] C C 11-deoxycorticosterone [mitochondrial matrix] C C 11-deoxycorticosterone is oxidised to corticosterone by CYP11B2 [Homo sapiens] 11-deoxycorticosterone translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix [Homo sapiens] 11-deoxycortisol [cytosol] C C 11-deoxycortisol [mitochondrial matrix] C C 11-deoxycortisol is oxidised to cortisol by CYP11B1 [Homo sapiens] 11-deoxycortisol translocates to the mitochondrion [Homo sapiens] 12-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 14,15-EET [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 14-3-3 protein [cytosol] U K E G B C d R H R 14-3-3 protein epsilon [cytosol] U K E G G B B C C d d O R H U R P 14-3-3E homodimer [cytosol] 14-3-3epsilon attentuates NADE-related apoptosis [Homo sapiens] 143B protein [endosome] U K E G B C d O R R H H U R R P P 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone [cytosol] C 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone [cytosol] C C 18-hydroxyarachidonate [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 18-hydroxycorticosterone [mitochondrial matrix] C C 19-hydroxyarachidonic acid [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2 [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione [cytosol] 2-amino 3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde transforms non-enzymatically to quinolinate [Homo sapiens] 2-Arachidonoylglycerol [extracellular region] C 2-Chloroethylene oxide [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] C P 2-mercaptoethanol [cytosol] C C P 2-mercaptoethanol can be S-methylated [Homo sapiens] 2-Oxoglutarate [extracellular region] C C P 2-Phenylethylamine [cytosol] C C P 2-Phenylethylamine [extracellular region] C C P 20alpha,22beta dihydroxycholesterol [mitochondrial inner membrane] C C P 20alpha,22beta-hydroxycholesterol is cleaved by CYP11A1 to yield pregnenolone and isocaproaldehyde [Homo sapiens] 21-hydroxylation of progesterone to form 11-deoxycorticosterone [Homo sapiens] 22beta-hydroxycholesterol [mitochondrial inner membrane] C C 24-hydroxycholesterol [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C 24-hydroxycholesterol is 7alpha-hydroxylated to yield cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,24-triol [Homo sapiens] 25(R) THCA-CoA [cytosol] C 25(R) THCA-CoA [peroxisomal matrix] C 25(R) THCA-CoA is translocated from the cytosol to the peroxisome [Homo sapiens] 25(S) 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA [peroxisomal matrix] 25(S) 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA is hydrated to (24R, 25R) 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA [Homo sapiens] 25(S) THCA-CoA [peroxisomal matrix] C 25(S) THCA-CoA is dehydrogenated to 25(S) 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA [Homo sapiens] 25-hydroxycholesterol [cytosol] C 25-hydroxycholesterol is 7alpha-hydroxylated by CYP7B1 [Homo sapiens] 25-Hydroxylation of vitamin D3 in liver [Homo sapiens] 27-hydroxycholesterol is 7alpha-hydroxylated [Homo sapiens] 2Iron-2Sulfur Cluster [mitochondrial inner membrane] 2Iron-2Sulfur Cluster [mitochondrial matrix] 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transmembrane transporter activity of PAPST1 [Golgi membrane] 3,16-dihydroxypalmitate [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate [cytosol] C C 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate can be O-methylated [Homo sapiens] 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine [extracellular region] C C P 3-acetamidopropanal [peroxisomal matrix] C P 3-aminopropanal [peroxisomal matrix] C C P 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity of HSD3B7 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] 3-hydroxy 4-methoxybenzoate [cytosol] 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-1 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R P P P P P P P P P D D D D D D D D 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-2 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R P P P P P P P P P D D D D D D D D 3-hydroxypalmitate [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] C 3-methyleneindolenine [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 3-methylindole [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] C C 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity of SRD5A1 or 2 or 3 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase [cytosol] U K E G B C d O O R H U R 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity of PK61C [cytosol] 3-ureidoisobutyric acid [cytosol] C C P 3-ureidopropionase-Zn complex [cytosol] 3-Ureidopropionate [cytosol] C C P 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity of Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 dimer [peroxisomal matrix] 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA [peroxisomal matrix] C 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al [mitochondrial matrix] C C 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (THCA) [Homo sapiens] 4' phosphopantetheine [cytosol] C C P 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium [cytosol] 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium [extracellular region] 4-aminobenzoate [cytosol] C C 4-aminosalicylate [cytosol] C C 4-Androstene-3, 17-dione [cytosol] C C 4-cholesten-7alpha, 12alpha-diol-3-one [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C 4-cholesten-7alpha, 12alpha-diol-3-one is reduced to 5beta-cholesten-7alpha, 12alpha-diol-3-one [Homo sapiens] 4-cholesten-7alpha-ol-3-one [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C 4-Cholesten-7alpha-ol-3-one is 12alpha-hydroxylated to 7-alpha,12-alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one [Homo sapiens] 4-cholesten-7alpha-ol-3-one is reduced to 5beta-cholestan-7alpha-ol-3-one [Homo sapiens] 4-hydroxy-9-cis-retinoic acid [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 4-hydroxy-all-trans-retinoic acid [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 4-hydroxydebrisoquine [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 4-hydroxyestradiol-17beta [cytosol] 4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde [cytosol] C C P 4-hydroxyphenytoin [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 4-hydroxytolbutamide [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 4Iron-4Sulfur Cluster [mitochondrial inner membrane] 5,6-dihydrothymine + H2O => beta-ureidoisobutyrate [Homo sapiens] 5,6-Dihydrothymine [cytosol] C C P 5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O => beta-ureidopropionate [Homo sapiens] 5,6-Dihydrouracil [cytosol] C C P 5,6-EET [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil [cytosol] C P 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone [cytosol] 5-aminolevulinate [cytosol] C C 5-aminolevulinate [mitochondrial matrix] C C 5-aminolevulinate synthase activity of ALAS homodimer [mitochondrial matrix] 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid [mitochondrial matrix] U K E G B C d O R H U R R 5-aminolevulinate synthase, non-specific [mitochondrial matrix] U K E G B C d O R R H H U R R 5-HpETE [cytosol] C C 5-HT1 and 5A receptors can bind serotonin [Homo sapiens] 5-HT1A receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R 5-HT1A-F/5 receptor [plasma membrane] 5-HT1A-F/5 receptor:serotonin [plasma membrane] 5-HT1B receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R 5-HT1D receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R 5-HT1E receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R 5-HT1F receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R 5-HT2 receptor [plasma membrane] 5-HT2 receptor can bind serotonin [Homo sapiens] 5-HT2 receptor:Serotonin [plasma membrane] 5-HT2A receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R 5-HT2B receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R 5-HT2C receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R 5-HT4 receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R R H H U R R 5-HT4, 6 and 7 receptors can bind serotonin [Homo sapiens] 5-HT4/6/7 receptor [plasma membrane] 5-HT4/6/7 receptor:serotonin [plasma membrane] 5-HT5A receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R 5-HT6 receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R 5-HT7 receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R R 5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde [cytosol] C C P 5-hydroxyomeprazole [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 5-Hydroxytryptamine [cytosol] C C P 5-hydroxytryptamine N-methyl conjugate [cytosol] 5-hydroxytryptophan [cytosol] C C 5-L-gamma-glutamyl amino acid [extracellular region] 5-methyltetrahydrofolate polyglutamate [cytosol] 5-oxo-ETE [extracellular region] C 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) + H2O + L-glutamine <=> 5-phosphoribosylamine + L-glutamate +pyrophosphate [Homo sapiens] 5-Phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthesis [Homo sapiens] 5-Phosphoribosylamine + Glycine + ATP => GAR + ADP + Pi [Homo sapiens] 5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-triol [mitochondrial matrix] C C 5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-triol is hydroxylated to 5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha, 27-tetrol [Homo sapiens] 5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-triol is translocated from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix [Homo sapiens] 5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,27-tetrol [mitochondrial matrix] C C 5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,27-tetrol is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al [Homo sapiens] 5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol [cytosol] C C 5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha-diol [cytosol] C C 5beta-cholestan-7alpha-ol-3-one [cytosol] C C 5beta-cholestan-7alpha-ol-3-one is reduced to 5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha-diol [Homo sapiens] 5beta-cholesten-7alpha, 12alpha-diol-3-one [cytosol] C C 5Beta-cholesten-7alpha, 12alpha-diol-3-one is reduced to 5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-triol [Homo sapiens] 6-hydroxypaclitaxel [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 6-Mercaptopurine [cytosol] C C P 6-mercaptopurine can be S-methylated [Homo sapiens] 6-Methylmercaptopurine [cytosol] C P 6-Methylmercaptopurine [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] C P 6beta-hydroxytestosterone [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] C C 7-dehydrocholesterol [cytosol] C C 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one 12alpha-hydroxylase activity of Cytochrome P450 8B1 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol is oxidized and isomerized to 4-cholesten-7alpha-ol-3-one [Homo sapiens] 8,9-EET [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] 9-cis-retinoic acid [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] A phospho-ribosyl group is added to quinolinate [Homo sapiens] A phosphoribosyl group is added to nicotinate to form nicotinate mononucleotide (NaMN) [Homo sapiens] A third proteolytic cleavage releases NICD [Homo sapiens] A1 and A3 receptors bind adenosine [Homo sapiens] A1/A3 receptor:Adenosine [plasma membrane] A1/A3 receptors [plasma membrane] A2a and A2b receptors bind adenosine [Homo sapiens] A2a/A2b receptor:Adenosine [plasma membrane] A2a/A2b receptors [plasma membrane] AANAT [cytosol] U K E G B C d O R H U R ABCC1 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R P Acetaminophen (TN TYLENOL) [cytosol] C C P Acetaminophen can form an O- sulfate conjugate [Homo sapiens] Acetaminophen glutathione conjugate [cytosol] C P Acetaminophen glutathione conjugate [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] C P Acetaminophen O-glucuronide [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] C P Acetaminophen O-sulfate conjugate [cytosol] C P Acetaminophen oxidised to N-acetylbenzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) [Homo sapiens] Acetoacetate [extracellular region] C C P acetoacetyl-CoA [cytosol] C C P Acetyl-CoA [Golgi lumen] C C acetyl-CoA transporter activity of Acetyl-coenzyme A transporter 1 [Golgi membrane] Acetyl-coenzyme A transporter 1 [Golgi membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Acetylation [Homo sapiens] Acetylation of glucosamine 6-phosphate to GlcNAc6P [Homo sapiens] acid phosphatase activity of TRAP homodimer [cytosol] Acids transported by SMCT1 [cytosol] Acids transported by SMCT1 [extracellular region] ACOX2:FAD [peroxisomal matrix] ACTH specifically binds with melanocortin receptor 2 [Homo sapiens] Activated DAkt1 [cytosol] U K E G B C d F R R R Activated DAkt1 phosphorylates TSC2 which inhibits the TSC1/2 complex [Drosophila melanogaster] Activated DINR binds Chico [Drosophila melanogaster] Activated DINR:DILP complex [plasma membrane] Activated DTOR [cytosol] U E G B C d F R Activated DTOR also phosphorylates D4EBP [Drosophila melanogaster] Activated DTOR phosphorylates DS6K [Drosophila melanogaster] Activated EGFR:Phospho-PLC-gamma1 [plasma membrane] Activated EGFR:PLC-gamma1 [plasma membrane] Activated N-SMase (Mg cofactor) [plasma membrane] Activated N-SMase (Mg cofactor) [plasma membrane] Activated Trk receptor complex [plasma membrane] Activated TrkA receptor complex [endosome] Activated TrkA receptor complex [plasma membrane] Activated TrkA receptor complex:Clathrin-coated vesicle [clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane] Activated TrkA receptor complex:Clathrin-coated vesicle [plasma membrane] Activated TrkA receptor complex:Clathrin-coated vesicle:dynein:dynactin complex [clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane] Activated TrkA receptor internalizes to endosomes [Homo sapiens] Activated TrkA receptor:Phospho-IRS1/2:PI3K(p85:p110) [plasma membrane] Activated type I receptor phosphorylates R-SMAD directly [Homo sapiens] Activated type I receptor phosphorylates R-Smad1/5/8 directly [Homo sapiens] Activation of DAkt1 by DPDK1 [Drosophila melanogaster] Activation of PLC beta-1 [Bos taurus] Activation of SHP2 through the binding to phospho-Gab1 [Homo sapiens] Activation of SRC by Ral-GTP [Homo sapiens] Activation of TRKA receptors [Homo sapiens] Active AKT [cytosol] Active AKT [nucleoplasm] Active AKT [plasma membrane] Active Calmodulin [nucleoplasm] active Caspase-2 [cytosol] Active Caspase-3 heterotetramer [cytosol] active Caspase2/3 [cytosol] Active JNK moves to the nucleus and phosphorylates different transcription factors [Homo sapiens] Active MAPKAP kinase [cytosol] Active PLC-beta 1 [plasma membrane] Active PLC-gamma1 dissociates from EGFR [Homo sapiens] Active PLCG1 dissociates from TrkA receptor [Homo sapiens] Active PLCG1 hydrolyses PIP2 [Homo sapiens] Active Trk receptor complex:RIT/RIN-GTP [plasma membrane] Active Trk receptor complex:RIT/RIN-GTP:B-RAF [plasma membrane] Active Trk receptor:Frs3:Crk:C3G [plasma membrane] Active TRKA binds IRS1/2 [Homo sapiens] Active TrkA receptor complex:RIT/RIN-GDP [plasma membrane] Active TrkA receptor:ARMS:Crk complex [plasma membrane] Active TrkA receptor:Frs2 complex [endosome] Active TrkA receptor:Phospho-ARMS:Crk complex [plasma membrane] Active TrkA receptor:Phospho-ARMS:Crk:C3G complex [plasma membrane] Active TrkA receptor:Phospho-Frs2 complex [endosome] Active TrkA receptor:Phospho-Frs2:CrkL complex [endosome] Active TrkA receptor:Phospho-Frs2:CrkL:C3G complex [endosome] Active TrkA receptor:Phospho-PLCG1 complex [plasma membrane] Active TrkA receptor:PLCG1 complex [plasma membrane] Active TrkA:Phospho-ARMS:Crk:C3G:Rap1-GTP complex [plasma membrane] Active TrkA:Phospho-ARMS:Crk:C3G:Rap1:Phospho-B-Raf complex [plasma membrane] activin receptor activity, type II of Dimeric BMP2:BMP type II:type I receptor complex [plasma membrane] Activin receptor type II [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Activin receptor type IIB [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Acyclovir [cytosol] C C Acyclovir [extracellular region] C C acyl-CoA oxidase activity of Acyl-CoA oxidase 2 (FAD cofactor) [peroxisomal matrix] Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2, peroxisomal [peroxisomal matrix] U K E G B C d O R H U R Acyl-NAT1 intermediate [cytosol] U K E G B C d O R H U R P Acyl-NAT2 intermediate [cytosol] U K E G B C d O R H U R acyltransferase activity of Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acetyltransferase [cytosol] ADAM 10 metalloprotease (Zn cofactor) [plasma membrane] ADAM 10 metalloprotease [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R ADAM 10 metalloprotease [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d R H R ADAM 10 metalloprotease [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R ADAM 12 metalloprotease [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R ADAM 12 metalloprotease [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d R H R ADAM 17 metalloprotease (Zn cofactor) [plasma membrane] ADAM 17 metalloprotease [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R P P P P P D D D D ADAM 17 metalloprotease [plasma membrane] U E G B C d R H R ADAM metalloprotease [plasma membrane] ADAM metalloprotease [plasma membrane] ADAM metalloprotease:Zinc cofactor [plasma membrane] ADAM metalloprotease:Zinc cofactor [plasma membrane] Adaptor Protein 2 alpha 2 subunit [plasma membrane] U E G B C d R H R P Adaptor protein 2 complex [plasma membrane] Adaptor Protein 2 mu 1 subunit [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d R H R P P P P P P Adaptor Protein 2 sigma 1 subunit [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d R H R Adaptor protein AP2A1 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Adaptor protein AP2A2 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Adaptor Protein Complex 2 [plasma membrane] Addition of a fourth and fifth mannose to the N-glycan precursor skeleton by ALG11 [Homo sapiens] Addition of a second glucose to the N-glycan skeleton by ALG8 [Homo sapiens] Addition of a second mannose to the N-glycan precursor skeleton by ALG2 [Homo sapiens] Addition of a third glucose to the N-glycan skeleton by an ALG10 homologue [Homo sapiens] Addition of a third mannose to the N-glycan precursor by Alg2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] Addition of a third mannose to the N-glycan precursor skeleton by ALG2 [Homo sapiens] Addition of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to DMAPP [Homo sapiens] Addition of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to Dolichyl phosphate [Homo sapiens] Addition of the eighth mannose to the N-glycan skeleton by ALG12, inside the ER lumen [Homo sapiens] Addition of the first glucose to the N-glycan skeleton by ALG6 [Homo sapiens] Addition of the first mannose to the N-glycan precursor skeleton by ALG13/14 [Homo sapiens] Addition of the fourth and fifth mannose to the N-glycan precursor skeleton by Alg11 [Schizosaccharomyces pombe] Addition of the last mannose to the N-glycan skeleton by ALG3, inside the ER lumen. [Homo sapiens] Addition of the second N-acetyl-glucosamine to the N-glycan skeleton [Homo sapiens] Addition of the seventh mannose to the N-glycan skeleton by ALG9, inside the ER lumen [Homo sapiens] Addition of the sixth mannose to the N-glycan precursor skeleton by ALG3. [Homo sapiens] Adenine + PRPP => AMP + PPi [Homo sapiens] adenine [lysosomal lumen] C C P adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity of APRT homodimer [cytosol] adenine transmembrane transporter activity of ADP/ATP translocase homodimer [mitochondrial inner membrane] Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate [cytosol] C C P adenosine [lysosomal lumen] C C P Adenosine A2a receptor [Golgi membrane] U K E G B C d R H R Adenosine A2a receptor [Golgi membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R P Adenosine A2a receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R P adenosine deaminase activity of Adenosine deaminase [cytosol] Adenosine P1 receptors [Homo sapiens] Adenosine receptor A1 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R R H H U R R Adenosine receptor A2b [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R adenosine receptor activity, G-protein coupled of Adenosine A2a receptor [Golgi membrane] adenosine receptor activity, G-protein coupled of Adenosine A2a receptor [Golgi membrane] Adenosine:Adenosine A2a receptor [Golgi membrane] Adenosine:Adenosine A2a receptor [Golgi membrane] adenosylhomocysteinase activity of SAH hydrolase homotetramer [cytosol] Adenylate cyclase (Mg2+ cofactor) [plasma membrane] Adenylate cyclase [plasma membrane] Adenylate cyclase activating pathway [Homo sapiens] adenylate cyclase activity of G alpha-olf:GTP:Adenylate cyclase (active) complex [plasma membrane] adenylate cyclase binding activity of Adenylate cyclase (Mg2+ cofactor) [plasma membrane] Adenylate cyclase converts ATP into cyclic AMP [Homo sapiens] Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf [Homo sapiens] Adenylate cyclase increases the GTPase activity of Gi alpha [Homo sapiens] Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway [Homo sapiens] Adenylate cyclase type 2 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O U R Adenylate cyclase type 3 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Adenylate cyclase type 4 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Adenylate cyclase type 6 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Adenylate cyclase type 7 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Adenylate cyclase type 9 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Adenylate cyclase, type V [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R adenylate kinase activity of adenylate kinase 1 [cytosol] Adenylation of phosphopantetheine [Homo sapiens] Adenylaye cyclase increases the GTPase activity of G alpha-olf [Homo sapiens] adenylosuccinate => adenosine 5'-monophosphate + fumarate [Homo sapiens] adenylyl sulfate (APS) + ATP => PAPS + ADP [Homo sapiens] adenylylsulfate kinase activity of Bifunctional APS synthetase [cytosol] ADM/ADM2 [extracellular region] ADP [endosome] C C P ADP and Pi bind to ATPase [Homo sapiens] ADP-ATP translocase maintains a high ADP:ATP ratio in the matrix [Homo sapiens] ADP/ATP translocase dimer [mitochondrial inner membrane] ADP/ATP translocase monomer (generic) [mitochondrial inner membrane] Adrenaline [clathrin sculpted monoamine transport vesicle lumen] C C Adrenaline [cytosol] C C Adrenaline [extracellular region] C C Adrenaline [extracellular region] C C Adrenoceptors [Homo sapiens] Adrenomedullin [extracellular region] U K E G B C d O R H U R P Adrenomedullin receptor [plasma membrane] Adrenomedullin receptor:AM/AM2 [plasma membrane] Aflatoxin B1 [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] C C P Aflatoxin exo-8,9-oxide [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] C C P Aflatoxin exo-8,9-oxide glutathione conjugate [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] C C P Agmatine [extracellular region] C C AGT receptor [plasma membrane] AICAR + 10-Formyl-THF => FAICAR + THF [Homo sapiens] AIR + CO2 => CAIR [Homo sapiens] AKT [cytosol] AKT [plasma membrane] AKT can phosphorylate forkhead box transcription factors [Homo sapiens] AKT can phosphorylate NUR77 [Homo sapiens] AKT can phosphorylate SRK [Homo sapiens] AKT phosphorylates TSC2, inhibiting it [Homo sapiens] AKT phosphorylates BAD [Homo sapiens] AKT phosphorylates caspase-9 [Homo sapiens] AKT phosphorylates CREB [Homo sapiens] AKT phosphorylates GSK3 [Homo sapiens] AKT phosphorylates IKKalpha [Homo sapiens] AKT phosphorylates MDM2 [Homo sapiens] AKT phosphorylates p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 [Homo sapiens] AKT phosphorylates PRAS40 [Homo sapiens] AKT phosphorylates targets in the cytosol [Homo sapiens] Akt translocates to the nucleus [Rattus norvegicus] AKT1 [cytosol] U K E G B C d F R R R AKT1 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R R R H H H U R R R P P P P D D AKT1 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d F R R R Akt1 phosphorylates GSK3 [Rattus norvegicus] AKT2 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R P P P P P P P AKT3-1 [cytosol] U K E G B C d R H U R AKT3-1 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d R H U R AKT3-2 [cytosol] U K E G B C d R H U R AKT3-2 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d R H U R AKT:CTMP:TRB3 [plasma membrane] ALA is transported from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol [Homo sapiens] ALAD homooctamer (Pb and Zn bound) [cytosol] ALAD homooctamer (Zinc cofactor) [cytosol] ALAD octamer associates with Pb++, forming a catalytically inactive complex [Homo sapiens] ALAS homodimer [mitochondrial matrix] ALAS1 homodimer (pyridoxal phosphate cofactor) [mitochondrial matrix] ALAS2 homodimer (pyridoxal phosphate cofactor) [mitochondrial matrix] aldo-keto reductase activity of 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase [cytosol] aldo-keto reductase activity of Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4 [cytosol] Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4 [cytosol] U K E G B C d O R H U R P Aldosterone [mitochondrial matrix] C C ALG1 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U K E G G B B C C d d O O R H U R ALG10 complex [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] ALG10A [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U K E G B C d R H U R ALG10B [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U K E G B C d O O R H U R ALG11 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U E G B C d R H U R Alg11 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U K ALG12 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U K E G B C d O O R H U R ALG13:ALG14 complex [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] Alg2 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U K E G B C d R ALG2 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U K E G B C d O O R H U R ALG3 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U E G B C d O O R H U R ALG5 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U E G B C d O R H U R ALG6 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U K E G B C d O O R H U R ALG8 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U E G B C d O O R H U R ALG9 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] U K E G B C d O O R R R H H H U R R R R All-trans-retinoic acid [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] C C ALOX5 (iron, calcium cofactors) [cytosol] Alpha platelet-derived growth factor receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O O R H U R P Alpha receptor homodimer [plasma membrane] Alpha-1 adrenoceptor [plasma membrane] Alpha-1 adrenoceptor:Catecholamine [plasma membrane] Alpha-1 adrenoceptors bind catecholamines [Homo sapiens] alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity of ALG11 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity of Alg11 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity of ALG9 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase activity of ALG2 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase activity of ALG3 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity of ALG2 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity of Alg2 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] Alpha-1A adrenoceptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Alpha-1B adrenoceptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Alpha-1D adrenoceptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Alpha-2 adrenoceptor [plasma membrane] Alpha-2 adrenoceptor:Catecholamine [plasma membrane] Alpha-2 adrenoceptors bind catecholamines [Homo sapiens] Alpha-2A adrenoceptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R P P P P Alpha-2B adrenoceptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Alpha-2C adrenoceptor [plasma membrane] U K U Alpha-Beta receptor heterodimer [plasma membrane] alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase activity of AMACR [peroxisomal matrix] alpha-MSH [extracellular region] U K E G B C d O O O O R R H H U R R alpha-neoendorphin [extracellular region] U K E G B C d O R H U R alpha-secretase cleaves the p75NTR extracellular domain [Homo sapiens] AM1 receptor [plasma membrane] AM2 receptor [plasma membrane] AMACR [peroxisomal matrix] U E G B C d O O R H U R Amidation of deamino-NAD+ to NAD+ [Homo sapiens] amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity of PPAT dimer [cytosol] Amine compound SLC transporters [Homo sapiens] Amine ligand-binding receptors [Homo sapiens] amine oxidase activity of MAOA-FAD complex [mitochondrial outer membrane] amine oxidase activity of MAOB-FAD complex [mitochondrial outer membrane] Amine Oxidase reactions [Homo sapiens] Amine-derived hormones [Homo sapiens] Amino acid and oligopeptide SLC transporters [Homo sapiens] Amino Acid conjugation [Homo sapiens] ammonium transmembrane transporter activity of RHAG [plasma membrane] ammonium transmembrane transporter activity of RHBG [plasma membrane] ammonium transmembrane transporter activity of RHCG [plasma membrane] AMPK alpha [cytosol] AMPK alpha1 [cytosol] U K E G B C d O R H U R AMPK beta [cytosol] AMPK beta1 [cytosol] U K E G B C d O R H U R AMPK beta2 [cytosol] U K E G B C d O R H U R P AMPK gamma [cytosol] AMPK gamma1 [cytosol] U K E G B C d O R R H H U R R AMPK gamma3 [cytosol] U K E G B C d O R H U R AMPK heterotrimer [cytosol] AMPK is dephosphorylated [Homo sapiens] AMPK phosphorylates Raptor [Homo sapiens] AMY receptors [plasma membrane] AMY receptors:Amylin [plasma membrane] AMY1 receptor [plasma membrane] AMY2 receptor [plasma membrane] AMY3 receptor [plasma membrane] Amylin [extracellular region] U K E G B C d O R H U R P Amylin receptors can bind Amylin [Homo sapiens] An anchoring protein, Endofin, recruits R-Smad1/5/8 [Homo sapiens] An anchoring protein, SARA, recruits R-SMAD [Homo sapiens] Androgen biosynthesis [Homo sapiens] Androstenedione is converted to estrone by Aromatase (CYP19A1) [Homo sapiens] Angiotensin II binds to angiotensin II receptor (types 1 and 2) [Homo sapiens] Angiotensin II receptor:Angiotensin II [plasma membrane] Angiotensinogen II [extracellular region] U K E G B C d O O R H U R Anion exchange protein 2 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Anion exchange protein 3 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Anion exchange protein 4 [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Anion exchange transporter [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d R H U R anion transmembrane transporter activity of FA anion:UCP dimer "head-in" complex [mitochondrial inner membrane] anion:anion antiporter activity of OAT1-3 [plasma membrane] Another isopentenyl pyrophosphate is added to geranyl pyrophosphate [Homo sapiens] Apelin peptides [extracellular region] Apelin receptor [plasma membrane] U K E G B C d O R H U R Apelin receptor binds to apelin [Homo sapiens] Apelin receptor:apelin peptides [plasma membrane] Apelin-13 [extracellular region] U K U Apelin-28 [extracellular region] U K U Apelin-31 [extracellular region] U K U Apelin-36 [extracellular region] U K U APH-1 [plasma membrane] APH-1B [plasma membrane] U E G B C d O R H U R APRT homodimer [cytosol] arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity of ALOX5 (iron, calcium cofactors) [cytosol] Arachidonate [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] C C P arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity of Cytochrome P450 2J2 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] Arachidonic acid oxidised to PGG2 [Homo sapiens] aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity of AANAT [cytosol] ARMS is phosphorylated by active TrkA receptor [Homo sapiens] ARMS-mediated activation [Homo sapiens] ARMS/KIDINS220 protein [cytosol] U K E G B C d R H U R ARMS/KIDINS220 protein [cytosol] U K E G B C d R H R ARMS:Crk (SH3 dependent) [cytosol] ARMS:Crk [cytosol] ARMS:Crk binds to active Trk receptor [Rattus norvegicus] ARMS:Crk complex binds to active TrkA receptor [Homo sapiens] Aromatic amines can be N-hydroxylated or N-dealkylated by CYP1A2 [Homo sapiens] Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase [cytosol] U K E G B C d O